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they are building up their forces in the area

Толкование Перевод

1 build up

1) (to increase (the size or extent of): The traffic begins to build up around five o'clock.) aumentar

2) (to strengthen gradually (a business, one's health, reputation etc): His father built up that grocery business from nothing.) crear

1) v + o + adv, v + adv + o

a) (make bigger, stronger) \<\<muscles\>\> fortalecer*

to build up one's strength — fortalecerse*

b) ( accumulate) \<\<supplies/experience\>\> acumular; \<\<reserves\>\> acrecentar*

they are building up their forces in the area — están intensificando su presencia militar en la zona

c) ( develop) \<\<reputation\>\> forjarse; \<\<confidence\>\> desarrollar; \<\<speed\>\> agarrar or (Esp) coger*

to build up one's hopes — hacerse* ilusiones

he built the firm up from nothing — levantó la empresa de la nada

d) ( praise) (colloq) poner* por las nubes (fam)

2) v + adv

a) ( accumulate) \<\<dirt\>\> acumularse, juntarse

their debts had built up — sus deudas se habían ido acumulando

b) ( increase) \<\<pressure/noise\>\> ir* en aumento

to build up to something: the tension builds up to a climax — la tensión va en aumento hasta llegar a un punto culminante

1. VT + ADV

1) [+ area, town etc] urbanizar

the area was built up years ago — la zona fue urbanizada hace años

2) (=establish) [+ business, firm] levantar; [+ reputation] labrarse; [+ impression] crear

to build up a lead — tomar la delantera

he had built up a picture in his mind of what she was like — se había formado una imagen mental de cómo era ella

3) (=increase) [+ stocks etc] acumular; [+ sales, numbers] incrementar

to build up one's strength — fortalecerse

to build up one's hopes — hacerse ilusiones

to build up sb's confidence — dar más confianza en sí mismo a algn

to build up one's (self-)confidence — desarrollar la confianza en sí mismo

2.

VI + ADV (=increase) [pressure, sound, speed] aumentar; (Econ) [interest] acumularse; [excitement] crecer

* * *

1) v + o + adv, v + adv + o

a) (make bigger, stronger) \<\<muscles\>\> fortalecer*

to build up one's strength — fortalecerse*

b) ( accumulate) \<\<supplies/experience\>\> acumular; \<\<reserves\>\> acrecentar*

they are building up their forces in the area — están intensificando su presencia militar en la zona

c) ( develop) \<\<reputation\>\> forjarse; \<\<confidence\>\> desarrollar; \<\<speed\>\> agarrar or (Esp) coger*

to build up one's hopes — hacerse* ilusiones

he built the firm up from nothing — levantó la empresa de la nada

d) ( praise) (colloq) poner* por las nubes (fam)

2) v + adv

a) ( accumulate) \<\<dirt\>\> acumularse, juntarse

their debts had built up — sus deudas se habían ido acumulando

b) ( increase) \<\<pressure/noise\>\> ir* en aumento

to build up to something: the tension builds up to a climax — la tensión va en aumento hasta llegar a un punto culminante

English-spanish dictionary > build up
2 interés

m.

1 interest, concernment, regard, interestedness.

2 interest, yield.

* * *

interés

► nombre masculino

1 (gen) interest; (propio) self-interest

■ ha mostrado mucho interés por el piso he has shown great interest in the flat

■ lo hace sólo por interés he's only doing it for what he can get out of it

■ cuando crezcas verás que era por tu interés when you're older you'll realize it was for your own good

2 FINANZAS interest

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

de gran interés very interesting

ir en interés de to be in the interests of

poner interés en algo to take an interest in something, put effort into something

■ debes poner más interés en tu trabajo you should take more interest in your work

tener interés en to be interested in

interés compuesto compound interest

interés simple simple interest

intereses creados vested interests

* * *

noun m.

interest

* * *

SM

1) (=valor) interest

una cuestión de interés general — a question of general interest

un edificio de interés histórico — a building of historic interest

ese asunto no tiene interés para nosotros — this matter is of no interest to us

2) (=curiosidad) interest

el tema despertó o suscitó el interés del público — the topic aroused public interest

ha seguido con gran interés la campaña electoral — he has followed the electoral campaign with great interest

• esperar algo con interés — to await sth with interest

• mostrar interés en o por algo — to show (an) interest in sth

• poner interés en algo — to take an interest in sth

puse verdadero interés en aprender inglés — I took a real interest in learning English

• sentir o tener interés por algo — to be interested in sth

si tienes interés por el piso, todavía está a la venta — if you're interested in the flat, it's still for sale

siento auténtico interés por los idiomas — I have a real interest o I am really interested in languages

sentir o tener interés por hacer algo — to be interested in doing sth

3) (=beneficio)

a) [de persona, país] interest

no deberías dejarte llevar por el interés — you shouldn't let yourself be swayed by personal interest

¿qué interés tienes tú en que pierdan el partido? — what's your interest in their losing the match?

te lo digo por tu propio interés — I'm telling you for your own benefit o in your own interest

en interés del país ha renunciado a la reelección — in the interest(s) of the country he is not standing for re-election

b) (Econ) interest

un préstamo a o con un interés del 9 por ciento — a loan at 9 per cent interest

los intereses de mi cuenta — the interest on my account

• dar interés — [capital, inversión] to yield interest; [banco, cuenta] to pay interest

mi capital me da un interés del 5,3 por ciento — my capital yields an interest of 5.3 per cent

• devengar interés — to accrue interest, earn interest

• tasa LAm o tipo de interés — interest rate

intereses acumulados — accrued interest sing

interés compuesto — compound interest

interés controlador — controlling interest

interés devengado — accrued interest, earned interest

intereses por cobrar — interest receivable sing

intereses por pagar — interest payable sing

interés simple — simple interest

4) pl intereses

a) (Com) interests

hay intereses económicos por medio — there are financial interests involved

tengo que defender mis intereses — I have to look after my own interests

los intereses españoles en África — Spanish interests in Africa

• un conflicto de intereses — a conflict of interests

• tener intereses en algo — to have interests o a stake in sth

tiene intereses en varias compañías extranjeras — he has interests o a stake in several foreign companies

b) (=aficiones) interests

¿qué intereses tienes? — what are your interests?

fomentar los intereses de algn — to foster sb's interest in sth

intereses creados — vested interests

* * *

masculino

1)

a) (importancia, valor) interest

de interés turístico — of interest to tourists

un tema de interés humano — a human interest story

de interés científico — of scientific significance o interest

b) ( actitud) interest

despertó el interés de todos — it aroused everyone's interest

con gran interés — with great interest

interés en algo — interest in something

pon más interés en tus estudios — take more interest in your schoolwork

tengo especial interés en que... — I am particularly concerned o keen that...

tienen gran interés en verlo — they are very interested in seeing it

c) (afición, inquietud) interest

2)

a) (conveniencia, beneficio) interest

por tu propio interés — in your own interest, for your own good

actúa sólo por interés — he acts purely in his own interest o out of self-interest

b) intereses masculino plural ( objetivos) interests (pl)

conflicto de intereses — conflict of interests

c) intereses masculino plural (bienes, capital)

tiene intereses en esa empresa — he has a stake o an interest in that company

administro sus intereses — I look after her investments

- interés público

- intereses creados/privados

3) (Fin) interest

a or con un interés del 12% — at 12% interest o at an interest rate of 12%

ganar intereses — to earn interest

tipo de interés — rate of interest

•

- interés compuesto/simple

* * *

masculino

1)

a) (importancia, valor) interest

de interés turístico — of interest to tourists

un tema de interés humano — a human interest story

de interés científico — of scientific significance o interest

b) ( actitud) interest

despertó el interés de todos — it aroused everyone's interest

con gran interés — with great interest

interés en algo — interest in something

pon más interés en tus estudios — take more interest in your schoolwork

tengo especial interés en que... — I am particularly concerned o keen that...

tienen gran interés en verlo — they are very interested in seeing it

c) (afición, inquietud) interest

2)

a) (conveniencia, beneficio) interest

por tu propio interés — in your own interest, for your own good

actúa sólo por interés — he acts purely in his own interest o out of self-interest

b) intereses masculino plural ( objetivos) interests (pl)

conflicto de intereses — conflict of interests

c) intereses masculino plural (bienes, capital)

tiene intereses en esa empresa — he has a stake o an interest in that company

administro sus intereses — I look after her investments

- interés público

- intereses creados/privados

3) (Fin) interest

a or con un interés del 12% — at 12% interest o at an interest rate of 12%

ganar intereses — to earn interest

tipo de interés — rate of interest

•

- interés compuesto/simple

* * *

interés¹

¹ = appeal, appetite, concern, focus, involvement, interest, knowledge interest, piquancy, penchant, pursuit, topicality.

Ex: Indeed, if they are not successful in finding ways of renewing their original purpose and appeal, they are on their way to dissolution and displacement.

Ex: We need to know what and how consumers' information appetites have changed.

Ex: The use of agents is necessary but not ideal, because an agent often represents rival concerns, and aims for a quick turnover rather than long-term profitability.

Ex: Our focus in this text is on the first stage in the following diagram.

Ex: Clearly, anyone having any dealings at all with the CAP needs a general understanding of how the system works, at a level which is appropriate to their involvement.

Ex: An abstracting bulletin is generally a weekly or monthly current-awareness service containing abstracts of all documents of interest that have passed into the library or information unit during that time.

Ex: Phenomenography is an approach that builds on phenomenological and hermeneutic traditions; its knowledge interest is to describe the varying conceptions held within a specific group about a phenomenon = La fenomenografía es un método que parte de las tradicionaes fenomenológicas y hermenéuticas; su interés es describir las diversas concepciones que un grupo concreto tiene sobre un fenómeno.

Ex: Young was a man of singular eccentricity and piquancy of character, a person who was very interesting in his own right.

Ex: Our penchant to organize is perhaps as close to a biological imperative as any form of human behavior is likely to come.

Ex: What is more arguable is whether or not it is a bibliographical pursuit at all since it bears little relationship to the physical nature of the book.

Ex: This year, the event is gaining topicality because of the EU enlargement.

* actuar en defensa de los intereses de las bibliotecas y bibliotec = library advocacy.

* adaptarse a un interés = accommodate + interest.

* ámbito de interés = sphere of interest.

* ampliar el interés = broaden + interest.

* aprovecharse del interés general por Algo = exploit + appeal.

* área de interés = field of interest.

* atraer el interés = capture + the imagination, capture + the interest, draw + interest.

* atraer el interés de = catch + the imagination of.

* caer fuera del interés de = lie outside + the scope of.

* caer fuera del interés de uno = fall outside + Posesivo + interest.

* campo de interés = sphere of interest.

* captar el interés = capture + the imagination, capture + the interest.

* captar el interés de = catch + the imagination of.

* coincidir con los intereses de uno = match + interests.

* combinar intereses = bridge + interests.

* conflicto de intereses = conflict of interest(s), competing interests.

* con intereses ocultos = agenda-laden.

* con intereses propios = self-interested.

* conjunto de intereses = set of interests.

* Consejo Internacional de Museos y Lugares de Interés (ICOMS) = International Council of Museums and Sites (ICOMOS).

* constatar el interés = gauge + interest.

* con un interés en = with a stake in.

* crear interés = build + interest.

* dar interés = spice up, add + spice.

* debate por tema de interés = breakout discussion.

* defender los intereses = defend + interests, lobby for + interests.

* defender los intereses de = go to + bat for, bat for.

* defensa de intereses = lobbying.

* defensa de los intereses de las bibliotecas y bibliotecarios = library advocacy.

* defensor de los intereses del ciudadano = watchdog.

* de interés especial = of particular concern, special-interest.

* de intereses similares = of like interest.

* de interés general = general-interest, of general interest.

* de interés humano = human interest.

* de interés periodístico = newsworthy.

* despertar el interés = provoke + interest, stimulate + interest, stir + interest, whet + the appetite, heighten + interest, rouse + interest, capture + the imagination, capture + the interest, work up + an interest, pique + interest.

* despertar el interés de = catch + the imagination of.

* despertar interés = arouse + interest, attract + interest, raise + interest, spark + interest.

* despertar interés por = kindle + interest in.

* destinado a despertar el interés del usuario = highlight abstract.

* dirigir los intereses de uno = break into.

* el interés público = the public interest.

* en interés de = in the interest(s) of.

* esperar con interés (+ Infinitivo), = look forward to (+ Gerundio).

* estar fuera del interés = lie outside + the scope of.

* estar fuera del interés de uno = lie beyond + concern.

* expresión de interés = application.

* falta de interés por cooperar = unresponsiveness.

* foco de interés = focus of interest, focus of concern, focus of attention.

* fomentar el interés = raise + interest, foster + interest, foster + interest.

* fomentar interés = build + interest.

* generar interés = generate + interest.

* grupo de interés = focus group, interest group.

* grupo de trabajo por tema de interés = breakout group.

* guiado por intereses propios = interest-determined.

* hacer que pierda el interés = take + the shine off things.

* institución de interés histórico = heritage institution.

* institución de interés histórico y cultural = cultural heritage institution.

* interés cada vez mayor = growing interest.

* interés + centrarse en = interest + lie with.

* interés comercial = business interest, commercial interest.

* interés común = shared interest.

* interés creado = vested interest.

* interés + decaer = interest + flag.

* interés económico = economic interest.

* intereses = breadth of interests.

* intereses comerciales = market forces, marketplace forces.

* intereses comunes = common ground, community of interest.

* intereses contrapuestos = conflicting interests.

* intereses cotidianos = life interests.

* intereses de lectura = reading interests.

* intereses encontrados = competing interests.

* intereses ocultos = hidden agenda.

* interés general = public interest.

* interés pasajero = passing interest.

* interés periodístico = newsworthiness.

* interés personal = vested interest, self-interest, axe + to grind, personal interest.

* interés por ganar dinero = profit motive.

* interés por los libros = awareness of books.

* interés público = public interest.

* interés renovado = renewed interest.

* ir en detrimento de los intereses = prejudice + interests.

* lleno de interés = solicitously.

* lugar de interés = attraction, sight.

* lugares de interés = sights.

* mantener el interés = hold + the interest.

* mantener un interés = pursue + interest.

* material documental de interés para los vecinos del barrio = community literature.

* máximo interés = maximum interest.

* mostrar interés = mark + interest.

* mostrar interés en = show + interest in.

* mostrar interés por = express + interest in.

* motivado por intereses propios = interest-based.

* mucho interés = keen interest.

* muestra de interés = expression of interest.

* no tener ningún interés = can't/couldn't be bothered.

* noticias diarias de interés = daily news alerts.

* objeto de interés = object of interest.

* ordenación topográfica según los intereses del lector = reader interest arrangement.

* para personas con intereses similares = birds-of-a-feather.

* perder el interés = pall.

* perder interés = lapse, lose + interest.

* perfil de interés = subject interest.

* perfil de interés del usuario = subject profile, user interest profile.

* perjudicar los intereses = prejudice + interests.

* por interés = out of interest.

* por interés personal = self-interested.

* profundizar el interés = deepen + interest.

* promover un interés = promote + interest.

* proyección de cuestiones de interés = issues management.

* punto de interés = point of interest.

* quitar el interés = take + the shine off things.

* renovado interés = upsurge.

* resumen de interés = highlight abstract.

* reunión por temas de interés = breakout session.

* según los intereses personales de cada uno = interest-based.

* ser de interés para = be of interest (to/for).

* servir los intereses = serve + interests.

* sesión por tema de interés = breakout session.

* sin interés = unexciting, uninteresting, unmoving, vapid.

* tarea falta de interés = chore.

* tema de interés = area of concern, area of enquiry [area of inquiry], area of interest, focus area, issue of concern, topic of interest.

* temas de interés de los usuarios = user interests.

* temas de interés particular = particular concerns.

* tenemos intereses en ambas partes = our feet are in both worlds.

* tener intereses en juego = have + invested.

* tener interés por = have + an interest in.

* tener interés por = be interested in.

* tener mucho interés en = have + a high stake in.

* tener mucho interés por = be keen to.

* tener un interés muy personal en = have + a stake in, hold + a stake in.

* tomarse interés por = take + an interest in.

interés²

² = interest, rate, interest charge.

Ex: Repayments is normally by equal half-yearly payments of capital and interest after a moratorium on capital repayments of up to five years, depending on project completion date.

Ex: The EIB is able to borrow money at the best possible rates, and as it is non-profit making it is able to offer loans at advantageous terms.

Ex: And, most importantly, even if a company makes a loss, it still has to pay its interest charges.

* interés bancario = interest rate.

* interés compuesto = compound interest.

* intereses del capital = capital charges.

* interés fijo = fixed interest.

* interés simple = simple interest.

* pago de los intereses = interest payment.

* recorte de los tipos de interés = rate cut, interest-rate cut.

* reducción de los tipos de interés = rate cut, interest-rate cut.

* subida de los tipos de interés = rate increase, interest-rate increase.

* tipo de interés base = base rate, prime rate.

* tipo de interés preferente = base rate, prime rate.

* * *

interés

masculine

A

1 (importancia, valor) interest

de interés turístico of interest to tourists

un tema de interés humano a human interest story

un descubrimiento de enorme interés científico a discovery of enormous scientific significance o importance

una anécdota sin ningún interés an anecdote of little or no interest

2 (actitud) interest

el anuncio despertó or suscitó el interés de todos the advertisement aroused everyone's interest

con gran interés with great interest

interés EN algo interest IN sth

pon más interés en tus estudios take more interest in your schoolwork

tengo especial interés en que esto se resuelva pronto I am particularly concerned o keen that this should be resolved quickly

tienen gran interés en probarlo they are very interested in testing it

3 (afición, inquietud) interest

la fotografía se cuenta entre sus muchos intereses photography is one of her many interests

B

1 (conveniencia, beneficio) interest

por tu propio interés in your own interest, for your own good o benefit

las mejoras van en interés de todos the improvements are in everyone's interest

actúa sólo por interés he acts purely out of self-interest o in his own interest

2 intereses mpl (objetivos) interests (pl)

había un conflicto de intereses there was a conflict of interests

3 intereses mpl

(bienes, capital): tiene intereses en varias empresas he has a stake o an interest in several companies

un contable administra sus intereses an accountant looks after her investments

Compuestos:

● intereses creados

mpl vested interests (pl)

● intereses privados

mpl private interests (pl)

● interés público

masculine:

el interés público the public interest

C ( Fin) interest

un préstamo a or con un interés del 12% a loan at 12% interest o at an interest rate of 12%

pagan unos intereses muy altos or un interés muy alto they pay very high interest o very high rates of interest

devengar or ganar intereses to earn interest

tipo de interés rate of interest

Compuestos:

● interés compuesto

compound interest

● interés simple

simple interest

* * *

interés sustantivo masculino
1 ( en general) interest;
◊ de interés turístico of interest to tourists;

pon más interés en tus estudios take more interest in your schoolwork;
tengo especial interés en que … I am particularly concerned o keen that …;
tienen gran interés en verlo they are very interested in seeing it;
por tu propio interés in your own interest, for your own good;
actúa solo por interés he acts purely in his own interest o out of self-interest;
conflicto de intereses conflict of interests
2 (Fin) interest;
a or con un interés del 12% at 12% interest o at an interest rate of 12%;
◊ ganar intereses to earn interest;

tipo de interés rate of interest
interés sustantivo masculino
1 (curiosidad) interest: tienes que poner más interés en ello, you must take more interest in it
tengo interés en/por viajar a Perú, I'm interested in travelling to Peru
2 (importancia) esta película carece de interés, this movie lacks interest
no ha sucedido nada de interés, nothing interesting has happened
3 (provecho personal) self-interest: te llama solo por interés, he phones you out of self-interest
(provecho, bien) in the interest of: lo haré en interés tuyo, I shall do it for your own good
en interés de la ciencia, for the sake of science
4 Fin interest
con un interés del 15%, at an interest rate of 15%
tipos de interés, interest rates
♦ Locuciones: perder el interés, to lose interest
con intereses, (con creces, más de lo que se recibió) with interest
' interés' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
amorfa
- amorfo
- candente
- captar
- carente
- comodidad
- común
- conveniencia
- dar
- decir
- deducirse
- desgana
- desganada
- desganado
- despertarse
- desvivirse
- devengar
- entregarse
- flojedad
- hinchar
- hipotecaria
- hipotecario
- importar
- inquietud
- interesar
- interesada
- interesado
- lengua
- llamar
- menguante
- morbosa
- morboso
- pasar
- polarizar
- revelar
- solicitud
- tinta
- tipo
- ver
- abusivo
- acaparar
- anecdótico
- anual
- aparentar
- aparente
- apreciar
- atractivo
- atraer
- auténtico
- baja
English:
accrue
- active
- ax
- axe
- bear
- benefit
- capture
- conflicting
- deep
- demolish
- develop
- fire
- flag
- flat
- fluctuate
- foster
- interest
- interest rate
- keen
- keenly
- lack
- lending
- LIBOR
- pall
- pay
- prime rate
- really
- reduction
- revive
- rising
- self-interest
- send down
- show
- sight
- simple interest
- stake
- stimulate
- sustain
- vested
- wane
- yield
- bank
- concern
- fixed
- memorabilia
- pique
- purpose
- rate
- revival
- secondary

* * *

interés (pl intereses) nm

1. [utilidad, valor] interest;

de interés interesting;

un descubrimiento de gran interés para los enfermos de sida a discovery of great signifiance to people with AIDS;

una construcción de interés histórico a building of historical interest

2. [curiosidad] interest;

un tema de interés común a subject of interest to everyone;

el hallazgo ha despertado el interés de los científicos the discovery has aroused scientists' interest;

tener interés en o [m5] por to be interested in;

tengo interés por recorrer el centro de la ciudad I'm interested in doing a tour of the town centre;

sigo con interés la polémica I'm following the debate with interest

3. [esfuerzo] interest;

trabajó con mucho interés en el proyecto she was an enthusiastic worker on the project;

poner interés en algo to take a real interest in sth;

tienes que poner más interés en los estudios you must show a bit more interest in your schoolwork

4. [conveniencia, provecho] interest;

una obra de interés general o [m5] público a construction project that is in everyone's o the public interest;

hacer algo por el interés de alguien, hacer algo en interés de alguien to do sth in sb's interest;

tengo interés en que venga pronto it's in my interest that he should come soon;

a todos nos mueve un interés común we are all motivated by a common interest

5. [egoísmo] self-interest, selfishness;

por interés out of selfishness;

casarse por (el) interés to marry for money

Comp
intereses creados vested interests
6.
intereses [aficiones] interests;

entre sus intereses se cuentan el golf y la vela his interests include golf and sailing

7.
intereses [económicos] interests;

los intereses españoles en Latinoamérica Spanish interests in Latin America;

tiene intereses en una empresa del sector he has interests o a stake in a company in that sector;

su hermana administra sus intereses her sister looks after her financial interests

8. Fin interest;

un préstamo con un interés del 5 por ciento a loan at 5 percent interest;

interés a corto/largo plazo short-/long-term interest;

tipo o [m5] tasa de interés interest rate

Comp
interés acumulable cumulative interest;
interés compuesto compound interest;

intereses de demora penalty interest [for late payment];

interés devengado accrued o earned interest;

interés interbancario interbank deposit rate;

interés de mora penalty interest [for late payment];

interés preferencial preferential interest rate;

interés simple simple interest;

intereses vencidos interest due

* * *

interés

m

1 interest

2 COM interest;

sin interés interest free

3 desp

self-interest

4

:

intereses pl ( bienes) interests

* * *

interés nm, pl - reses : interest

* * *

interés n interest

pone mucho interés en el trabajo he takes a great deal of interest in his work

es un tema de gran interés it's a very interesting subject

en esta cuenta obtendrás un interés del 5% you'll get 5% interest from this account

tener interés en algo to be interested in something

tener interés en/por hacer algo to be keen to do something

tiene mucho interés en conocerte he's very keen to meet you

Spanish-English dictionary > interés
3 work

wə:k
1. noun
1) (effort made in order to achieve or make something: He has done a lot of work on this project) trabajo

2) (employment: I cannot find work in this town.) trabajo

3) (a task or tasks; the thing that one is working on: Please clear your work off the table.) trabajo

4) (a painting, book, piece of music etc: the works of Van Gogh / Shakespeare/Mozart; This work was composed in 1816.) obra

5) (the product or result of a person's labours: His work has shown a great improvement lately.) trabajo

6) (one's place of employment: He left (his) work at 5.30 p.m.; I don't think I'll go to work tomorrow.) trabajo

2. verb
1) (to (cause to) make efforts in order to achieve or make something: She works at the factory three days a week; He works his employees very hard; I've been working on/at a new project.) trabajar

2) (to be employed: Are you working just now?) trabajar, tener empleo

3) (to (cause to) operate (in the correct way): He has no idea how that machine works / how to work that machine; That machine doesn't/won't work, but this one's working.) funcionar

4) (to be practicable and/or successful: If my scheme works, we'll be rich!) funcionar, dar resultados

5) (to make (one's way) slowly and carefully with effort or difficulty: She worked her way up the rock face.) progresar, desarrollar

6) (to get into, or put into, a stated condition or position, slowly and gradually: The wheel worked loose.) volverse

7) (to make by craftsmanship: The ornaments had been worked in gold.) trabajar, fabricar

•

- - work
- workable
- worker
- works
3. noun plural
1) (the mechanism (of a watch, clock etc): The works are all rusted.)

2) (deeds, actions etc: She's devoted her life to good works.) mecanismo

•

- work-basket
- work-box
- workbook
- workforce
- working class
- working day
- work-day
- working hours
- working-party
- work-party
- working week
- workman
- workmanlike
- workmanship
- workmate
- workout
- workshop
- at work
- get/set to work
- go to work on
- have one's work cut out
- in working order
- out of work
- work of art
- work off
- work out
- work up
- work up to
- work wonders

work¹ n

1. trabajo

I have a lot of work tengo mucho trabajo

he was late for work llegó tarde al trabajo

a man's doing some work on the roof un hombre está reparando el tejado

2. obra

it's all my own work todo es obra de mi propia mano

at work en el trabajo

in work con trabajo / que tiene trabajo

out of work sin trabajo / parado

to get to work / to set to work ponerse a trabajar

work² vb

1. trabajar

I work in a shop trabajo en una tienda

I've been working all day he estado trabajando todo el día

2. funcionar

the lift doesn't work el ascensor no funciona

how do you work this machine? ¿cómo funciona esta máquina?

work

tr[wɜːk]

noun

1 (gen) trabajo

I've got a lot of work to do tengo mucho trabajo que hacer

he put a lot of hard work into that project trabajó mucho en ese proyecto, puso mucho esfuerzo en ese proyecto

they often take work home to do muchas veces se llevan trabajo a casa

2 (employment) empleo, trabajo

she's at work está en el trabajo

what sort of work do you do? ¿qué clase de trabajo haces?, ¿a qué te dedicas?

don't be late for work no llegues tarde al trabajo

what time do you leave work? ¿a qué hora sales del trabajo?

she's a friend from work es una compañera de trabajo

I've got the day off work tengo el día libre

3 (building work, roadworks) obras nombre femenino plural

work on the new road will commence in July se comenzarán las obras de la nueva carretera en julio

4 (product, results) trabajo, obra

it's all my own work es obra de mi propia mano

they sell their work in the market venden sus trabajos en el mercado

this is an excellent piece of work esto es un trabajo excelente

this is the work of vandals esto es cosa de vándalos

5 (literary etc) obra

transitive verb

1 (person) hacer trabajar

she works them too hard les hace trabajar demasiado

2 (machine) manejar; (mechanism) accionar

do you know how to work the video? ¿sabes cómo hacer funcionar el vídeo?

it's worked by electricity funciona con electricidad

3 (mine, oil well) explotar; (land, fields) trabajar, cultivar

4 (produce) hacer

it works miracles hace milagros

5 (wood, metal, clay) trabajar; (dough) amasar

6 (make by work or effort) trabajar

he worked his way up in the company ascendió en la empresa por su trabajo

she worked her way through university hizo la carrera trabajando

I worked my way to the front me abrí camino hacia adelante

7 familiar (arrange) arreglar

he worked it so that he got off with just a fine se las arregló para escapar sólo con una multa

8 (move gradually)

he worked the key into the frozen lock metió poco a poco la llave en la cerradura helada

work the fat into the flour vaya mezclando la mantequilla con la harina

intransitive verb

1 (gen) trabajar

she works for an insurance company trabaja en una compañía de seguros

he worked as a waiter trabajaba de camarero

I'm working on a new book estoy trabajando en un nuevo libro

she works hard at her homework trabaja mucho en sus deberes, pone mucho esfuerzo en sus deberes

he's working for his exams está estudiando para los exámenes

they were working away at the design estaban ocupados con el diseño

2 (machine, system) funcionar

the lift's not working el ascensor no funciona

how does this machine work? ¿cómo funciona esta máquina?

3 (medicine, cleaner) surtir efecto, tener efecto; (plan) tener éxito, salir bien, funcionar, resultar

your plan won't work tu plan no saldrá bien

the special effects work well los efectos especiales resultan bien

4 (move)

her dress had worked up su vestido se había subido

they eventually worked round to my way of thinking finalmente coincidieron con mi parecer

plural noun works

1 (factory) fábrica f sing

1 (parts) mecanismo m sing

1 familiar (everything) todo, todo el tinglado

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

it's all in a/the day's work todo forma parte del trabajo, es el pan nuestro de cada día

all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy hay que divertirse de vez en cuando

it works both ways es una arma de doble filo

keep up the good work! ¡que siga así!

the forces at work los elementos en juego

to be in work tener trabajo, tener un empleo

to be out of work estar en el paro, estar sin trabajo, estar parado,-a

to get down/set to work ponerse a trabajar, poner manos a la obra

to get worked up exaltarse, excitarse, ponerse nervioso,-a

to give somebody the (full) works tratar a alguien a lo grande

to have one's work cut out to do something costarle a uno mucho trabajo hacer algo

to make light/short work of something despachar algo deprisa

to work like a Trojan trabajar como un negro

to work loose soltarse, aflojarse

to work one's fingers to the bone dejarse los codos trabajando

to work oneself to death matarse trabajando

to work to rule hacer huelga de celo

public works obras nombre femenino plural públicas

work basket costurero, cesto de labor

work camp campamento de trabajo

work experience experiencia laboral

work of art obra de arte

work permit permiso de trabajo

work station SMALLCOMPUTING/SMALL estación nombre femenino de trabajo, terminal nombre masculino de trabajo

work surface encimera

work ['wərk] v, worked ['wərkt] or wrought ['rɔt] ; working vt

1) operate: trabajar, operar

to work a machine: operar una máquina

2) : lograr, conseguir (algo) con esfuerzo

to work one's way up: lograr subir por sus propios esfuerzos

3) effect: efectuar, llevar a cabo, obrar (milagros)

4) make, shape: elaborar, fabricar, formar

a beautifully wrought vase: un florero bellamente elaborado

5)

to work up : estimular, excitar

don't get worked up: no te agites

work vi

1) labor: trabajar

to work full-time: trabajar a tiempo completo

2) function: funcionar, servir

work adj

: laboral

work n

1) labor: trabajo m, labor f

2) employment: trabajo m, empleo m

3) task: tarea f, faena f

4) deed: obra f, labor f

works of charity: obras de caridad

5) : obra f (de arte o literatura)

6) workmanship

7) works npl

factory: fábrica f

8) works npl

mechanism: mecanismo m

work

v.

• andar v.

• elaborar v.

• funcionar v.

• hacer funcionar v.

• hacer trabajar v.

• laborear v.

• labrar v.

• marchar v.

• obrar v.

• trabajar v.

adj.

• laborable adj.

n.

• chamba s.f.

• fábrica s.f.

• labor s.f.

• mecanismo s.m.

• obra s.f.

• sobrehueso s.m.

• trabajar s.m.

• trabajo s.m.

wɜːrk, wɜːk
I

noun

1) u (labor, tasks) trabajo m

it was a lot of work — dio mucho trabajo

the building work is still going on — todavía están en obras

work has already started on the film — ya han empezado a filmar or rodar

she's got a lot of work to do to catch up — va a tener que trabajar mucho para ponerse al día

the house needs a lot of work done o (BrE) doing to it — la casa necesita muchos arreglos

she put a lot of work into it — puso mucho esfuerzo or empeño en ello

to set to work — ponerse* a trabajar, poner* manos a la obra

keep up the good work — sigue (or sigan etc) así!

it's hard work digging — cavar es muy duro

that was quick work! — qué rapidez!

I've done a good day's work — he aprovechado bien el día

it's all in a day's work — es el pan nuestro de cada día

to have one's work cut out: she's going to have her work cut out to get the job done in time le va a costar terminar el trabajo a tiempo; to make short work of something: Pete made short work of the ironing Pete planchó todo rapidísimo; you made short work of that pizza! te has despachado pronto la pizza!; all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy — hay que dejar tiempo para el esparcimiento

2) u ( employment) trabajo m

she does a lot of work for the government — trabaja mucho para el gobierno

to look for/find work — buscar*/encontrar* trabajo

to go to work — ir* a trabajar or al trabajo

they both go out to work — (BrE) los dos trabajan (afuera)

I start/finish work at seven — entro a trabajar or al trabajo/salgo del trabajo a las siete

3) (in phrases)

at work: he's at work está en el trabajo, está en la oficina (or la fábrica etc); they were hard at work estaban muy ocupados trabajando; other forces were at work intervenían otros factores, había otros factores en juego; men at work obras, hombres trabajando; in work (BrE): those in work quienes tienen trabajo; off work: she was off work for a month after the accident después del accidente estuvo un mes sin trabajar; he took a day off work se tomó un día libre; out of work: the closures will put 1,200 people out of work los cierres dejarán en la calle a 1.200 personas; to be out of work estar* sin trabajo or desocupado or desempleado or (Chi tb) cesante, estar* parado or en el paro (Esp); (before n) out-of-work — desocupado, desempleado, parado (Esp), cesante (Chi)

4)

a) c (product, single item) obra f

a work of art — una obra de arte

b) u ( output) trabajo m

a piece of work — un trabajo

an exhibition of recent work by Sam Pym — una exposición de obras recientes de Sam Pym

it was the work of a professional — era obra de un profesional; see also works

II
1.

intransitive verb

1) \<\<person\>\> trabajar

I work as a receptionist — trabajo de recepcionista

he works nights — trabaja de noche

to get working — ponerse* a trabajar, poner* manos a la obra

to work hard — trabajar mucho or duro

we work a 40-hour week — nuestra semana laboral es de 40 horas

to work AT something: you have to work at your service tiene que practicar el servicio; a relationship is something you have to work at una relación de pareja requiere cierto esfuerzo; she was working away at her accounts estaba ocupada con su contabilidad; to work FOR somebody trabajar para alguien; to work for oneself trabajar por cuenta propia; to work FOR something: fame didn't just come to me: I had to work for it la fama no me llegó del cielo, tuve que trabajar para conseguirla; he's working for his finals está estudiando or está preparándose para los exámenes finales; to work IN something: to work in marble trabajar el mármol or con mármol; to work in oils pintar al óleo, trabajar con óleos; to work ON something: he's working on his car está arreglando el coche; scientists are working on a cure los científicos están intentando encontrar una cura; she hasn't been fired yet, but she's working on it (hum) todavía no la han echado, pero parece empeñada en que lo hagan; we're working on the assumption that... partimos del supuesto de que...; the police had very little to work on la policía tenía muy pocas pistas; to work UNDER somebody — trabajar bajo la dirección de alguien

2)

a) (operate, function) \<\<machine/system\>\> funcionar; \<\<drug/person\>\> actuar*

to work against/in favor of somebody/something — obrar en contra/a favor de alguien/algo

it works both ways: you have to make an effort too, you know: it works both ways — tú también tienes que hacer el esfuerzo, ¿sabes? funciona igual or (esp AmL) parejo para los dos

b) ( have required effect) \<\<drug/plan/method\>\> surtir efecto

her idea didn't work — su idea no resultó

try it, it might work — pruébalo, quizás resulte

the play doesn't work on TV — la obra no se presta para televisión

these colors just don't work together — estos colores no pegan or no combinan

3) (slip, travel) (+ adv compl)

the oil has to work through the engine — el aceite tiene que circular por el motor

his socks had worked down to his ankles — se le habían caído los calcetines; see also free I 1) c), loose I 1) b)

2.

vt

1)

a) ( force to work) hacer* trabajar

to work oneself to death — matarse trabajando

b) ( exploit) \<\<land/soil\>\> trabajar, labrar; \<\<mine\>\> explotar

c) \<\<nightclubs/casinos\>\> trabajar en

d) ( pay for by working)

he worked his passage to Australia — se costeó el pasaje a Australia trabajando en el barco

2) ( cause to operate)

do you know how to work the machine? — ¿sabes manejar la máquina?

this lever works the sprinkler system — esta palanca acciona el sistema de riego

the pump is worked by hand — la bomba funciona manualmente

3)

a) (move gradually, manipulate) (+ adv compl)

work the brush into the corners — mete bien el cepillo en los rincones

I'll try to work that quote into the article — trataré de meter esa cita en el artículo

to work one's way: we worked our way toward the exit nos abrimos camino hacia la salida; I worked my way through volume three logré terminar el tercer volumen; she worked her way to the top of her profession — trabajó hasta llegar a la cima de su profesión

b) (shape, fashion) \<\<clay/metal\>\> trabajar; \<\<dough\>\> sobar, amasar

work the flour into the mixture — vaya añadiendo la harina a la mezcla

4)

a) (past & past p worked or wrought) ( bring about) \<\<miracle\>\> hacer*; see also wrought I

b) (manage, arrange) (colloq) arreglar

she worked it so that I didn't have to pay — se las arregló or se las ingenió para que yo no tuviera que pagar

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- work off

- work out

- work over

- work up

- work up to

[wɜːk]
1. N

1) (=activity) trabajo m; (=effort) esfuerzo m

work in progress — trabajo en proceso

• to be at work on sth — estar trabajando sobre algo

there are forces at work — hay fuerzas en movimiento

• work has begun on the new dam — se han comenzado las obras del nuevo embalse

work has begun on the new project — ha comenzado el trabajo en el nuevo proyecto

• it's all in a day's work — es pan de cada día

• to do one's work — hacer su trabajo

he did some good work at head office — hizo un buen trabajo en la oficina central

the medicine had done its work — la medicina había surtido efecto

• to get some work done — hacer algo (de trabajo)

• to get on with one's work — seguir trabajando

• good work! — (=well done) ¡buen trabajo!

• it's hard work — es mucho trabajo, cuesta (trabajo)

he's hard work * — es una persona difícil

• a piece of work — un trabajo

• she's put a lot of work into it — le ha puesto grandes esfuerzos

• to make quick work of sth/sb — despachar algo/a algn con rapidez

• to set to work — ponerse a trabajar

to set sb to work — poner a algn a trabajar

• to make short work of sth/sb — despachar algo/a algn con rapidez

• to start work — ponerse a trabajar

to have one's work cut out —

I have my work cut out as it is — ya tengo trabajo hasta por encima de las cejas

I had my work cut out to stop it — me costó detenerlo

you'll have your work cut out trying to stop him — te costará muchísimo trabajo impedirle
nasty 1., 4)
2) (=employment, place of employment) trabajo m

"work wanted" — (US) "demandas de empleo"

• to be at work — estar trabajando

accidents at work — accidentes mpl laborales

• to go to work — ir a trabajar

• to go out to work — (=have a job) tener un trabajo

• to be in work — tener trabajo

• she's looking for work — está buscando trabajo

• it's nice work if you can get it — es muy agradable para los que tienen esa suerte

• I'm off work for a week — tengo una semana de permiso

a day off work — un día libre

to take time off work — tomarse tiempo libre

• to be out of work — estar desempleado or parado or en paro

• to put sb out of work — dejar a algn sin trabajo

• on her way to work — camino del trabajo

3) (=product, deed) obra f; (=efforts) trabajo

the works of God — las obras de Dios

this is the work of a professional/madman — esto es trabajo de un profesional/loco

what do you think of his work? — ¿qué te parece su trabajo?

the dictator and all his works — el dictador y todo lo suyo

• good works — obras fpl de caridad

• his life's work — el trabajo al que ha dedicado su vida

4) (Art, Literat etc) obra f

the works of Dickens — las obras de Dickens

• a work of art — una obra de arte

• a literary work — una obra literaria

• a work of reference — un libro de consulta

5) works [of machine, clock etc] mecanismo msing

- bung or gum up the works
spanner
6) works (Mil) obras fpl, fortificaciones fpl

road works — obras

Ministry of Works — Ministerio m de Obras Públicas

2. VI

1) (gen) trabajar; (=be in a job) tener trabajo

to work to achieve sth — dirigir todos sus esfuerzos a lograr algo

• he is working at his German — está dándole al alemán

• to work hard — trabajar mucho or duro

• she works in a bakery — trabaja en una panadería

he works in education/publishing — trabaja en la enseñanza/el campo editorial

he prefers to work in wood/oils — prefiere trabajar la madera/con óleos

• to work to rule — (Ind) estar en huelga de celo

• to work towards sth — trabajar or realizar esfuerzos para conseguir algo

- work like a slave or Trojan etc

2) (=function) [machine, car] funcionar

the heating isn't working — la calefacción no funciona

it won't work — no funciona

not working — no funciona

my brain doesn't seem to be working today — hum mi cerebro no funciona hoy como es debido

• it may work against us — podría sernos desfavorable

• this can work both ways — esto puede ser un arma de doble filo

• this may work in our favour — puede que esto nos venga bien

• to get sth working — hacer funcionar algo

• it works off the mains — funciona con la electricidad de la red

• my plan worked perfectly — mi plan funcionó a la perfección

3) (=be effective) [plan] salir, marchar; [drug, medicine, spell] surtir efecto, ser eficaz; [yeast] fermentar

how long does it take to work? — ¿cuánto tiempo hace falta para que empiece a surtir efecto?

the scheme won't work — el proyecto no es práctico, esto no será factible

it won't work, I tell you! — ¡te digo que no se puede (hacer)!

4) [mouth, face, jaws] moverse, torcerse

5) (=move gradually)

she worked methodically down the list — repasó metódicamente la lista

• to work loose — desprenderse

• to work round to a question — preparar el terreno para preguntar algo

eventually he worked round to the price — por fin llegó a mencionar el precio

what are you working round to? — ¿adónde va a parar todo esto?, ¿qué propósito tiene todo esto?

3. VT

1) (=make work) hacer trabajar

he works his staff too hard — hace trabajar demasiado al personal

to work o.s. to death — matarse trabajando

2) (=operate)

can you work it? — ¿sabes manejarlo?

it is worked by electricity — funciona con electricidad

3) (=achieve) [+ change] producir, motivar; [+ cure] hacer, efectuar; [+ miracle] hacer

he has managed to work his promotion * — ha conseguido asegurarse el ascenso

they worked it so that she could come * — lo arreglaron para que viniera
wonder 1., 2)
4) (Sew) coser; (Knitting) [+ row] hacer

worked with blue thread — bordado de hilo azul

5) (=shape) [+ dough, clay] trabajar; [+ stone, marble] tallar, grabar

worked flint — piedra f tallada

work the butter and sugar together — amasar el azúcar y la mantequilla juntos

6) (=exploit) [+ mine] explotar; [+ land] cultivar

this land has not been worked for many years — estas tierras hace mucho tiempo que no se cultivan

he works the eastern part of the province — trabaja en la parte este de la provincia

7) (=manoeuvre)

he gradually worked the rope through the hole — poco a poco fue metiendo la cuerda por el agujero

to work one's hands free — lograr soltar las manos

he worked the lever up and down — movió la palanca hacia arriba y hacia abajo

• to work o.s. into a rage — ponerse furioso, enfurecerse

he worked the crowd (up) into a frenzy — exaltó los ánimos de la multitud

• the screw had worked itself loose — el tornillo se había soltado solo

• to work one's way along — ir avanzando poco a poco

to work one's way up a cliff — escalar poco a poco or a duras penas un precipicio

to work one's way up to the top of a company — llegar a la dirección de una compañía por sus propios esfuerzos

he worked his way up in the firm — ascendió en la compañía mediante sus propios esfuerzos

8) (=finance)

• to work one's passage on a ship — costearse un viaje trabajando

• to work one's way through college — costearse los estudios universitarios trabajando

4.

CPD

work area N — área f de trabajo

work camp N — campamento m laboral

work ethic N — ética f del trabajo

work experience N — experiencia f laboral

work file N — fichero m de trabajo

work force N — (=labourers) mano f de obra; (=personnel) plantilla f

work in progress N — trabajo m en proceso

work permit N — permiso m de trabajo

work prospects NPL — [of student] perspectivas fpl de trabajo

work study N — práctica f estudiantil

work surface N — = worktop

work therapy N — laborterapia f, terapia f laboral

work week N — (US) semana f laboral

- work away

- work in

- work off

- work on

- work out

- work over

- work through

- work up

- work up to

* * *
[wɜːrk, wɜːk]
I

noun

1) u (labor, tasks) trabajo m

it was a lot of work — dio mucho trabajo

the building work is still going on — todavía están en obras

work has already started on the film — ya han empezado a filmar or rodar

she's got a lot of work to do to catch up — va a tener que trabajar mucho para ponerse al día

the house needs a lot of work done o (BrE) doing to it — la casa necesita muchos arreglos

she put a lot of work into it — puso mucho esfuerzo or empeño en ello

to set to work — ponerse* a trabajar, poner* manos a la obra

keep up the good work — sigue (or sigan etc) así!

it's hard work digging — cavar es muy duro

that was quick work! — qué rapidez!

I've done a good day's work — he aprovechado bien el día

it's all in a day's work — es el pan nuestro de cada día

to have one's work cut out: she's going to have her work cut out to get the job done in time le va a costar terminar el trabajo a tiempo; to make short work of something: Pete made short work of the ironing Pete planchó todo rapidísimo; you made short work of that pizza! te has despachado pronto la pizza!; all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy — hay que dejar tiempo para el esparcimiento

2) u ( employment) trabajo m

she does a lot of work for the government — trabaja mucho para el gobierno

to look for/find work — buscar*/encontrar* trabajo

to go to work — ir* a trabajar or al trabajo

they both go out to work — (BrE) los dos trabajan (afuera)

I start/finish work at seven — entro a trabajar or al trabajo/salgo del trabajo a las siete

3) (in phrases)

at work: he's at work está en el trabajo, está en la oficina (or la fábrica etc); they were hard at work estaban muy ocupados trabajando; other forces were at work intervenían otros factores, había otros factores en juego; men at work obras, hombres trabajando; in work (BrE): those in work quienes tienen trabajo; off work: she was off work for a month after the accident después del accidente estuvo un mes sin trabajar; he took a day off work se tomó un día libre; out of work: the closures will put 1,200 people out of work los cierres dejarán en la calle a 1.200 personas; to be out of work estar* sin trabajo or desocupado or desempleado or (Chi tb) cesante, estar* parado or en el paro (Esp); (before n) out-of-work — desocupado, desempleado, parado (Esp), cesante (Chi)

4)

a) c (product, single item) obra f

a work of art — una obra de arte

b) u ( output) trabajo m

a piece of work — un trabajo

an exhibition of recent work by Sam Pym — una exposición de obras recientes de Sam Pym

it was the work of a professional — era obra de un profesional; see also works

II
1.

intransitive verb

1) \<\<person\>\> trabajar

I work as a receptionist — trabajo de recepcionista

he works nights — trabaja de noche

to get working — ponerse* a trabajar, poner* manos a la obra

to work hard — trabajar mucho or duro

we work a 40-hour week — nuestra semana laboral es de 40 horas

to work AT something: you have to work at your service tiene que practicar el servicio; a relationship is something you have to work at una relación de pareja requiere cierto esfuerzo; she was working away at her accounts estaba ocupada con su contabilidad; to work FOR somebody trabajar para alguien; to work for oneself trabajar por cuenta propia; to work FOR something: fame didn't just come to me: I had to work for it la fama no me llegó del cielo, tuve que trabajar para conseguirla; he's working for his finals está estudiando or está preparándose para los exámenes finales; to work IN something: to work in marble trabajar el mármol or con mármol; to work in oils pintar al óleo, trabajar con óleos; to work ON something: he's working on his car está arreglando el coche; scientists are working on a cure los científicos están intentando encontrar una cura; she hasn't been fired yet, but she's working on it (hum) todavía no la han echado, pero parece empeñada en que lo hagan; we're working on the assumption that... partimos del supuesto de que...; the police had very little to work on la policía tenía muy pocas pistas; to work UNDER somebody — trabajar bajo la dirección de alguien

2)

a) (operate, function) \<\<machine/system\>\> funcionar; \<\<drug/person\>\> actuar*

to work against/in favor of somebody/something — obrar en contra/a favor de alguien/algo

it works both ways: you have to make an effort too, you know: it works both ways — tú también tienes que hacer el esfuerzo, ¿sabes? funciona igual or (esp AmL) parejo para los dos

b) ( have required effect) \<\<drug/plan/method\>\> surtir efecto

her idea didn't work — su idea no resultó

try it, it might work — pruébalo, quizás resulte

the play doesn't work on TV — la obra no se presta para televisión

these colors just don't work together — estos colores no pegan or no combinan

3) (slip, travel) (+ adv compl)

the oil has to work through the engine — el aceite tiene que circular por el motor

his socks had worked down to his ankles — se le habían caído los calcetines; see also free I 1) c), loose I 1) b)

2.

vt

1)

a) ( force to work) hacer* trabajar

to work oneself to death — matarse trabajando

b) ( exploit) \<\<land/soil\>\> trabajar, labrar; \<\<mine\>\> explotar

c) \<\<nightclubs/casinos\>\> trabajar en

d) ( pay for by working)

he worked his passage to Australia — se costeó el pasaje a Australia trabajando en el barco

2) ( cause to operate)

do you know how to work the machine? — ¿sabes manejar la máquina?

this lever works the sprinkler system — esta palanca acciona el sistema de riego

the pump is worked by hand — la bomba funciona manualmente

3)

a) (move gradually, manipulate) (+ adv compl)

work the brush into the corners — mete bien el cepillo en los rincones

I'll try to work that quote into the article — trataré de meter esa cita en el artículo

to work one's way: we worked our way toward the exit nos abrimos camino hacia la salida; I worked my way through volume three logré terminar el tercer volumen; she worked her way to the top of her profession — trabajó hasta llegar a la cima de su profesión

b) (shape, fashion) \<\<clay/metal\>\> trabajar; \<\<dough\>\> sobar, amasar

work the flour into the mixture — vaya añadiendo la harina a la mezcla

4)

a) (past & past p worked or wrought) ( bring about) \<\<miracle\>\> hacer*; see also wrought I

b) (manage, arrange) (colloq) arreglar

she worked it so that I didn't have to pay — se las arregló or se las ingenió para que yo no tuviera que pagar

•

Phrasal Verbs:

- work off

- work out

- work over

- work up

- work up to

English-spanish dictionary > work
4 work

work [wɜ:k]

travail ⇒ 1 (a)-(e), 1 (g) œuvre ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (f) besogne ⇒ 1 (b) emploi ⇒ 1 (c) ouvrage ⇒ 1 (f) recherches ⇒ 1 (g) travailler ⇒ 2A (a)-(e), 3A (b), 3A (c), 3A (e), 3C (a) fonctionner ⇒ 2B (a) marcher ⇒ 2B (a), 2B (b) réussir ⇒ 2B (b) agir ⇒ 2B (c), 2B (d) faire travailler ⇒ 3A (a) faire marcher ⇒ 3B (a) façonner ⇒ 3C (a) mécanisme ⇒ 4 1 (a) travaux ⇒ 4 1 (b) usine ⇒ 4 2 (a)

1 noun

(a) (effort, activity) travail m, œuvre f;

∎ computers take some of the work out of filing les ordinateurs facilitent le classement;

∎ this report needs more work il y a encore du travail à faire sur ce rapport, ce rapport demande plus de travail;

∎ she's done a lot of work for charity elle a beaucoup travaillé pour des associations caritatives;

∎ it will take a lot of work to make a team out of them ça va être un drôle de travail de faire d'eux une équipe;

∎ keep up the good work! continuez comme ça!;

∎ nice or good work! c'est du bon travail!, bravo!;

∎ that's fine work or a fine piece of work c'est du beau travail;

∎ your work has been useful vous avez fait du travail utile;

∎ work on the tunnel is to start in March (existing tunnel) les travaux sur le tunnel doivent commencer en mars; (new tunnel) la construction du tunnel doit commencer en mars;

∎ work in progress Administration travail en cours; Accountancy travaux mpl en cours, inventaire m de production; (sign) travaux en cours;

∎ she put a lot of work into that book elle a beaucoup travaillé sur ce livre;

∎ to make work for sb compliquer la vie à qn;

∎ to start work, to set to work se mettre au travail;

∎ she set or she went to work on the contract elle a commencé à travailler sur le contrat;

∎ he set to work undermining their confidence il a entrepris de saper leur confiance;

∎ I set him to work (on) painting the kitchen je lui ai donné la cuisine à peindre;

∎ they put him to work in the kitchen ils l'ont mis au travail dans la cuisine;

∎ let's get (down) to work! (mettons-nous) au travail!;

∎ proverb all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy beaucoup de travail et peu de loisirs ne réussissent à personne

(b) (duty, task) travail m, besogne f;

∎ I've got loads of work to do j'ai énormément de travail à faire;

∎ she gave us too much work elle nous a donné trop de travail;

∎ he's trying to get some work done il essaie de travailler un peu;

∎ they do their work well ils travaillent bien, ils font du bon travail;

∎ it's hard work c'est du travail, ce n'est pas facile;

∎ it's thirsty work ça donne soif;

∎ to make short or light work of sth expédier qch;

∎ figurative to make short work of sb ne faire qu'une bouchée de qn;

∎ familiar it's nice work if you can get it! c'est une bonne planque, encore faut-il la trouver!

(c) (paid employment) travail m, emploi m;

∎ what (kind of) work do you do? qu'est-ce que vous faites dans la vie?, quel travail faites-vous?;

∎ I do translation work je suis traducteur, je fais des traductions;

∎ to find work trouver du travail;

∎ to look for work chercher du travail ou un emploi;

∎ to be in work travailler, avoir un emploi;

∎ to be out of work être au chômage ou sans travail ou sans emploi;

∎ he had a week off work (holiday) il a pris une semaine de vacances; (illness) il n'est pas allé au travail pendant une semaine;

∎ to take time off work prendre des congés;

∎ she's off work today elle ne travaille pas aujourd'hui;

∎ to do a full day's work faire une journée entière de travail;

∎ people out of work (gen) les chômeurs mpl; Administration & Economics les inactifs mpl

(d) (place of employment) travail m; Administration lieu m de travail;

∎ I go to work by bus je vais au travail en bus;

∎ I'm late for work je suis en retard pour le travail;

∎ he's a friend from work c'est un collègue;

∎ where is your (place of) work? où travaillez-vous?, quel est votre lieu de travail?;

∎ on her way home from work en rentrant du travail

(e) (papers, material etc being worked on) travail m;

∎ to take work home prendre du travail à la maison;

∎ her work was all over the table son travail était étalé sur la table

(f) (creation, artefact etc) œuvre f; (on smaller scale) ouvrage m; Sewing ouvrage m;

∎ it's all my own work j'ai tout fait moi-même;

∎ it's an interesting piece of work (gen) c'est un travail intéressant; Art, Literature & Music c'est une œuvre intéressante;

∎ very detailed/delicate work (embroidery, carving etc) ouvrage très détaillé/délicat;

∎ these formations are the work of the wind ces formations sont l'œuvre du vent;

∎ the silversmith sells much of his work to hotels l'orfèvre vend une grande partie de ce qu'il fait ou de son travail à des hôtels;

∎ the complete works of Shakespeare les œuvres complètes ou l'œuvre de Shakespeare;

∎ a new work on Portugal un nouvel ouvrage sur le Portugal;

∎ a work of art une œuvre d'art;

∎ works of fiction des ouvrages de fiction

(g) (research) travail m, recherches fpl;

∎ there hasn't been a lot of work done on the subject peu de travail a été fait ou peu de recherches ont été faites sur le sujet

(h) (deed) œuvre f, acte m;

∎ good works bonnes œuvres fpl;

∎ each man will be judged by his works chaque homme sera jugé selon ses œuvres;

∎ charitable works actes mpl de charité, actes mpl charitables;

∎ the murder is the work of a madman le meurtre est l'œuvre d'un fou

(i) (effect) effet m;

∎ wait until the medicine has done its work attendez que le médicament ait agi ou ait produit son effet

(j) Physics travail m

2 intransitive verb

A.

(a) (exert effort on a specific task, activity etc) travailler;

∎ we worked for hours cleaning the house nous avons passé des heures à faire le ménage;

∎ they worked in the garden ils ont fait du jardinage;

∎ we work hard nous travaillons dur;

∎ she's working on a novel just now elle travaille à un roman en ce moment;

∎ a detective is working on this case un détective est sur cette affaire;

∎ he works at or on keeping himself fit il fait de l'exercice pour garder la forme;

∎ we have to work to a deadline nous devons respecter des délais dans notre travail;

∎ we have to work to a budget nous devons travailler avec un certain budget;

∎ I've worked with the handicapped before j'ai déjà travaillé avec les handicapés;

∎ I work with the Spanish on that project je travaille (en collaboration) avec les Espagnols sur ce projet

(b) (be employed) travailler;

∎ he works as a teacher il a un poste d'enseignant;

∎ I work in advertising je travaille dans la publicité;

∎ who do you work for? chez qui est-ce que vous travaillez?;

∎ she works in or for a bank elle travaille dans ou pour une banque;

∎ I work a forty-hour week je travaille quarante heures par semaine, je fais une semaine de quarante heures;

∎ to work for a living travailler pour gagner sa vie;

∎ Industry to work to rule faire la grève du zèle

(c) (strive for a specific goal or aim)

∎ to work for a good cause travailler pour une bonne cause;

∎ they're working for better international relations ils s'efforcent d'améliorer les relations internationales

(d) (study) travailler, étudier;

∎ you're going to have to work if you want to pass the exam il va falloir que tu travailles ou que tu étudies si tu veux avoir ton examen

(e) (use a specified substance) travailler;

∎ this sculptor works in or with copper ce sculpteur travaille avec le cuivre;

∎ she has always worked in or with watercolours elle a toujours travaillé avec de la peinture à l'eau

B.

(a) (function, operate → machine, brain, system) fonctionner, marcher;

∎ the lift doesn't work at night l'ascenseur ne marche pas la nuit;

∎ the lift never works l'ascenseur est toujours en panne;

∎ the radio works off batteries la radio fonctionne avec des piles;

∎ a pump worked by hand une pompe actionnée à la main ou manuellement;

∎ they soon got or had it working ils sont vite parvenus à le faire fonctionner;

∎ she sat still, her brain or her mind working furiously elle était assise immobile, le cerveau en ébullition;

∎ figurative everything worked smoothly tout s'est déroulé comme prévu;

∎ your idea just won't work ton idée ne peut pas marcher;

∎ this relationship isn't working cette relation ne marche pas;

∎ that argument works both ways ce raisonnement est à double tranchant;

∎ how does the law work exactly? comment la loi fonctionne-t-elle exactement?

(b) (produce results, succeed) marcher, réussir;

∎ it worked brilliantly ça a très bien marché;

∎ their scheme didn't work leur complot a échoué;

∎ that/flattery won't work with me ça/la flatterie ne prend pas avec moi

(c) (drug, medicine) agir, produire ou faire son effet

(d) (act) agir;

∎ the acid works as a catalyst l'acide agit comme ou sert de catalyseur;

∎ events have worked against us/in our favour les événements ont agi contre nous/en notre faveur;

∎ I'm working on the assumption that they'll sign the contract je pars du principe qu'ils signeront le contrat

C.

(a) (reach a condition or state gradually)

∎ to work loose se desserrer;

∎ to work free se libérer;

∎ the nail worked through the sole of my shoe le clou est passé à travers la semelle de ma chaussure

(b) (face, mouth) se contracter, se crisper

(c) (ferment) fermenter

3 transitive verb

A.

(a) (worker, employee, horse) faire travailler;

∎ the boss works his staff hard le patron exige beaucoup de travail de ses employés;

∎ you work yourself too hard tu te surmènes;

∎ to work oneself to death se tuer à la tâche;

∎ to work one's fingers to the bone s'user au travail

(b) (pay for with labour or service)

∎ they worked their passage to India ils ont payé leur passage en Inde en travaillant;

∎ I worked my way through college j'ai travaillé pour payer mes études à l'université

(c) (carry on activity in)

∎ he works the southern sales area il travaille pour le service commercial de la région sud;

∎ the pollster worked both sides of the street le sondeur a enquêté des deux côtés de la rue;

∎ figurative the candidate worked the crowd le candidat s'efforçait de soulever l'enthousiasme de la foule;

∎ a real-estate agent who works the phones un agent immobilier qui fait de la prospection par téléphone;

∎ she works the bars (prostitute) elle travaille dans les bars

(d) (achieve, accomplish)

∎ the new policy will work major changes la nouvelle politique opérera ou entraînera des changements importants;

∎ the story worked its magic or its charm on the public l'histoire a enchanté le public;

∎ to work a spell on sb jeter un sort à qn;

∎ to work miracles faire ou accomplir des miracles;

∎ to work wonders faire merveille;

∎ she has worked wonders with the children elle a fait des merveilles avec les enfants

(e) (make use of, exploit → land) travailler, cultiver; (→ mine, quarry) exploiter, faire valoir

B.

(a) (operate) faire marcher, faire fonctionner;

∎ this switch works the furnace ce bouton actionne ou commande la chaudière;

∎ he knows how to work the drill il sait se servir de la perceuse

(b) (manoeuvre)

∎ I worked the handle up and down j'ai remué la poignée de haut en bas;

∎ to work one's hands free parvenir à dégager ses mains;

∎ she worked the ropes loose elle a réussi à desserrer les cordes petit à petit

(c) (by slow progression)

∎ I worked my way along the ledge j'ai longé la saillie avec précaution;

∎ he worked his way down/up the cliff il a descendu/monté la falaise lentement;

∎ the beggar worked his way towards us le mendiant s'est approché de nous;

∎ they worked their way through the list ils ont traité chaque élément de la liste tour à tour;

∎ he's worked his way through the whole grant il a épuisé toute la subvention;

∎ a band of rain working its way across the country un front de pluie qui traverse le pays;

∎ they have worked themselves into a corner ils se sont mis dans une impasse

(d) familiar (contrive) s'arranger;

∎ she managed to work a few days off elle s'est arrangée ou s'est débrouillée pour avoir quelques jours de congé;

∎ I worked it or worked things so that she's never alone j'ai fait en sorte qu'elle ou je me suis arrangé pour qu'elle ne soit jamais seule

C.

(a) (shape → leather, metal, stone) travailler, façonner; (→ clay, dough) travailler, pétrir; (→ object, sculpture) façonner; Sewing (design, initials) broder;

∎ she worked the silver into earrings elle a travaillé l'argent pour en faire des boucles d'oreilles;

∎ she worked a figure out of the wood elle a sculpté une silhouette dans le bois;

∎ the flowers are worked in silk les fleurs sont brodées en soie;

∎ work the putty into the right consistency travaillez le mastic pour lui donner la consistance voulue

(b) (rub)

∎ gently work the cream into your hands massez-vous les mains pour faire pénétrer la crème;

∎ work the dye into the surface of the leather faites pénétrer la teinture dans le cuir

(c) (excite, provoke)

∎ the orator worked the audience into a frenzy l'orateur a enflammé ou a galvanisé le public;

∎ she worked herself into a rage elle s'est mise dans une colère noire

4 works

1 plural noun

(a) (mechanism) mécanisme m, rouages mpl; (of clock) mouvement m;

∎ familiar to foul up or to gum up the works tout foutre en l'air

(b) Building industry travaux mpl; (installation) installations fpl;

∎ road works travaux mpl; (sign) travaux;

∎ Minister/Ministry of Works ministre m/ministère m des Travaux publics

2 noun

(a) Industry (factory) usine f;

∎ a printing works une imprimerie;

∎ a gas works une usine à gaz;

∎ price ex works prix m sortie usine

(b) familiar (everything)

∎ the (whole) works tout le bataclan ou le tralala;

∎ they had eggs, bacon, toast, the works ils mangeaient des œufs, du bacon, du pain grillé, tout, quoi!;

∎ American to shoot the works jouer le grand jeu;

∎ American we shot the works on the project nous avons mis le paquet sur le projet;

∎ to give sb the works (special treatment) dérouler le tapis rouge pour qn; (beating) passer qn à tabac

5 at work

1 adjective

(a) (person)

∎ to be at work on sth/(on) doing sth travailler (à) qch/à faire qch;

∎ he's at work on a new book il travaille à un nouveau livre;

∎ they're hard at work painting the house ils sont en plein travail, ils repeignent la maison

(b) (having an effect)

∎ there are several factors at work here il y a plusieurs facteurs qui entrent en jeu ou qui jouent ici;

∎ there are evil forces at work des forces mauvaises sont en action

2 adverb

(at place of work)

∎ she's at work (gen) elle est au travail; (office) elle est au bureau; (factory) elle est à l'usine;

∎ I'll phone you at work je t'appellerai au travail;

∎ we met at work on s'est connus au travail

►► work area (in school, home) coin m de travail; Computing zone f de travail;

works band fanfare m (d'une entreprise);

work camp (prison) camp m de travail; (voluntary) chantier m de travail;

American work coat blouse f;

works committee, works council comité m d'entreprise;

work ethic = exaltation des valeurs liées au travail;

work experience stage m (en entreprise);

∎ the course includes two months' work experience le programme comprend un stage en entreprise de deux mois;

American work farm = camp de travail forcé où les détenus travaillent la terre;

Computing work file fichier m de travail;

work flow déroulement m des opérations;

work group groupe m de travail;

works manager directeur(trice) m,f d'usine;

work party (of soldiers) escouade f; (of prisoners) groupe m de travail;

work permit permis m de travail;

Computing work sheet feuille f de travail;

work space (at home) coin-travail m; (in office) & Computing espace m de travail;

∎ I need more work space j'ai besoin de plus d'espace pour travailler;

work surface surface f de travail;

American work week semaine f de travail

➲ work away intransitive verb

travailler;

∎ while he worked away at fixing the furnace tandis qu'il travaillait à réparer la chaudière;

∎ we worked away all evening nous avons passé la soirée à travailler

➲ work down intransitive verb

glisser;

∎ her socks had worked down around her ankles ses chaussettes étaient tombées sur ses chevilles

➲ work in separable transitive verb

(a) (incorporate) incorporer;

∎ work the ointment in thoroughly faites bien pénétrer la pommade;

∎ Cookery work the butter into the flour incorporez le beurre à la farine

(b) (insert) faire entrer ou introduire petit à petit;

∎ he worked in a few sly remarks about the boss il a réussi à glisser quelques réflexions sournoises sur le patron;

∎ I'll try and work the translation in some time this week (into schedule) j'essayerai de (trouver le temps de) faire la traduction dans le courant de la semaine

➲ work off separable transitive verb

(a) (dispose of → fat, weight) se débarrasser de, éliminer; (→ anxiety, frustration) passer, assouvir;

∎ I worked off my excess energy chopping wood j'ai dépensé mon trop-plein d'énergie en cassant du bois;

∎ he worked off his tensions by running il s'est défoulé en faisant du jogging;

∎ to work off one's anger on sb passer sa colère sur qn

(b) (debt, obligation)

∎ it took him three months to work off his debt il a dû travailler trois mois pour rembourser son emprunt

➲ work on

1 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (person) essayer de convaincre;

∎ we've been working on him but he still won't go nous avons essayé de le persuader mais il ne veut toujours pas y aller;

∎ I'll work on her je vais m'occuper d'elle

(b) (task, problem)

∎ the police are working on who stole the jewels la police s'efforce de retrouver celui qui a volé les bijoux;

∎ he's been working on his breaststroke/emotional problems il a travaillé sa brasse/essayé de résoudre ses problèmes sentimentaux;

∎ have you got any ideas? - I'm working on it as-tu des idées? - je cherche

(c) (use as basis)

∎ have you any data to work on? avez-vous des données sur lesquelles vous fonder?

2 intransitive verb

(continue to work) continuer à travailler

➲ work out

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (discharge fully) acquitter en travaillant;

∎ to work out one's notice faire son préavis

(b) (calculate → cost, distance, sum) calculer; (→ answer, total) trouver;

∎ I work it out at £22 d'après mes calculs, ça fait 22 livres

(c) (solve → calculation, problem) résoudre; (→ puzzle) faire, résoudre; (→ code) déchiffrer;

∎ have they worked out their differences? est-ce qu'ils ont réglé ou résolu leurs différends?;

∎ I'm sure we can work this thing out (your problem) je suis sûr que nous pouvons arranger ça; (our argument) je suis sûr que nous finirons par nous mettre d'accord;

∎ things will work themselves out les choses s'arrangeront toutes seules ou d'elles-mêmes

(d) (formulate → idea, plan) élaborer, combiner; (→ agreement, details) mettre au point;

∎ to work out a solution trouver une solution;

∎ have you worked out yet when it's due to start? est-ce que tu sais quand ça doit commencer?;

∎ she had it all worked out elle avait tout planifié;

∎ we worked out an easier route nous avons trouvé un itinéraire plus facile

(e) (figure out) arriver à comprendre;

∎ I finally worked out why he was acting so strangely j'ai enfin découvert ou compris pourquoi il se comportait si bizarrement;

∎ the dog had worked out how to open the door le chien avait compris comment ouvrir la porte;

∎ I can't work her out je n'arrive pas à la comprendre;

∎ I can't work their relationship out leurs rapports me dépassent

(f) (mine, well) épuiser

2 intransitive verb

(a) (happen) se passer;

∎ it depends on how things work out ça dépend de la façon dont les choses se passent;

∎ the trip worked out as planned le voyage s'est déroulé comme prévu;

∎ I wonder how it will all work out je me demande comment tout cela va s'arranger;

∎ it all worked out for the best tout a fini par s'arranger pour le mieux;

∎ but it didn't work out that way mais il en a été tout autrement;

∎ it worked out badly for them les choses ont mal tourné pour eux

(b) (have a good result → job, plan) réussir; (→ problem, puzzle) se résoudre;

∎ she worked out fine as personnel director elle s'est bien débrouillée comme directeur du personnel;

∎ are things working out for you OK? est-ce que ça se passe bien pour toi?;

∎ did the new job work out? ça a marché pour le nouveau boulot?;

∎ it didn't work out between them les choses ont plutôt mal tourné entre eux;

∎ their project didn't work out leur projet est tombé à l'eau

(c) (amount to)

∎ how much does it all work out at? ça fait combien en tout?;

∎ the average price for an apartment works out to or at $5,000 per square metre le prix moyen d'un appartement s'élève ou revient à 5000 dollars le mètre carré;

∎ that works out at three hours a week ça fait trois heures par semaine;

∎ electric heating works out expensive le chauffage électrique revient cher

(d) (exercise) faire de l'exercice; (professional athlete) s'entraîner

➲ work over separable transitive verb

(a) American (revise) revoir, réviser

(b) familiar (beat up) tabasser, passer à tabac

➲ work round

1 intransitive verb

(a) (turn) tourner;

∎ the wind worked round to the north le vent a tourné au nord petit à petit

(b) figurative (in conversation)

∎ he finally worked round to the subject of housing il a fini par aborder le sujet du logement;

∎ what's she working round to? où veut-elle en venir?

2 separable transitive verb

∎ (bring round) I worked the conversation round to my salary j'ai amené la conversation sur la question de mon salaire

➲ work through

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (insert) faire passer à travers

(b) (progress through)

∎ we worked our way through the crowd nous nous sommes frayé un chemin à travers la foule;

∎ he worked his way through the book il a lu le livre du début à la fin;

∎ figurative I worked the problem through j'ai étudié le problème sous tous ses aspects

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (continue to work)

∎ she worked through lunch elle a travaillé pendant l'heure du déjeuner

(b) (resolve)

∎ he worked through his emotional problems il a réussi à assumer ses problèmes affectifs

➲ work up

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (stir up, rouse) exciter, provoquer;

∎ he worked up the crowd il a excité la foule;

∎ he worked the crowd up into a frenzy il a rendu la foule frénétique;

∎ he works himself up or he gets himself worked up over nothing il s'énerve pour rien;

∎ she had worked herself up into a dreadful rage elle s'était mise dans une rage terrible

(b) (develop) développer;

∎ I want to work these ideas up into an article je veux développer ces idées pour en faire un article;

∎ to work up an appetite se mettre en appétit;

∎ we worked up a sweat/a thirst playing tennis jouer au tennis nous a donné chaud/soif;

∎ I can't work up any enthusiasm for this work je n'arrive pas à avoir le moindre enthousiasme pour ce travail;

∎ he tried to work up an interest in the cause il a essayé de s'intéresser à la cause

(c) (idiom)

∎ to work one's way up faire son chemin;

∎ she worked her way up from secretary to managing director elle a commencé comme secrétaire et elle a fait son chemin jusqu'au poste de P-DG;

∎ I worked my way up from nothing je suis parti de rien

2 intransitive verb

(a) (clothing) remonter

(b) (build up)

∎ the film was working up to a climax le film approchait de son point culminant;

∎ things were working up to a crisis une crise se préparait, on était au bord d'une crise;

∎ she's working up to what she wanted to ask elle en vient à ce qu'elle voulait demander;

∎ what are you working up to? où veux-tu en venir?

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > work
5 fondo

m.

1 bottom.

doble fondo false bottom

fondos bottom (de embarcación)

bajos fondos (figurative) underworld

sin fondo bottomless

tocar fondo to scrape along the sea/river bed; (embarcación) to bottom out (figurative) (crisis)

su popularidad ha tocado fondo their popularity has reached an all-time low o rock bottom

2 back.

al fondo de at the end of; (calle, pasillo) at the back of (sala)

3 depth.

tener un metro de fondo to be one meter deep

4 background.

sobre fondo negro on a black background

al fondo in the background

5 heart, bottom.

llegar al fondo de to get to the heart o bottom of

el problema de fondo the underlying problem

la cuestión de fondo the fundamental issue

en el fondo deep down; (en lo más íntimo) basically (en lo esencial)

6 fund (finance) (de dinero).

a fondo perdido non-returnable

fondos funds (capital)

estar mal de fondos to be badly off; (persona) to be short of funds (empresa)

recaudar fondos to raise funds

fondo de amortización sinking fund

fondo de comercio goodwill

fondo común kitty

fondo de garantía de depósito deposit guarantee fund

fondo de inversión investment fund

fondo de inversión mobiliaria trust fund (British), mutual fund (United States)

fondo Monetario Internacional International Monetary Fund

fondo de pensiones pension fund

fondos reservados = contingency funds available to ministries, for which they do not have to account publicly

7 catalog, collection.

fondo editorial backlist

8 reason, basis (fundamento).

9 substance.

10 stamina (sport) (resistencia).

de fondo long-distance

de medio fondo middle-distance

11 petticoat (combinación). (Colombian Spanish, Mexican Spanish)

12 core, root, bottom.

13 bed, lowest part.

* * *

fondo

► nombre masculino

1 (parte más baja) bottom

■ en el fondo del pozo at the bottom of the well

■ hay un fondo de verdad en lo que dice there is an element of truth in what he says

2 (parte más lejana) end, back

■ al fondo de la sala at the back of the hall

■ al fondo del pasillo at the end of the corridor

3 (segundo término) background

4 (profundidad) depth

■ tiene poco fondo it's not very deep

5 (aguante) stamina

■ estoy entrenando para coger fondo I'm training to build up my stamina

6 FINANZAS fund

7 (de libros etc) stock

8 (motivo) reason; (raíz) root

■ el fondo de nuestra protesta the reason for our protest

■ esto no toca el fondo de la cuestión this does not get to the root of the question

► nombre masculino plural fondos

1 (dinero) funds, money sing

■ recaudamos fondos a beneficio de los necesitados we raise funds for the needy

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

a fondo (adjetival) thorough 2 (adverbial) thoroughly

a fondo perdido nonrecoverable, nonreturnable

■ les concedieron una subvención a fondo perdido they were given a grant

de... en fondo... abreast

en el fondo figurado deep down, at heart

reunir fondos to raise funds

tocar fondo (barco) to touch bottom 2 figurado to reach rock bottom

fondo común kitty

fondo de inversión investment fund

fondo de pensiones pension fund

Fondo Monetario Internacional International Monetary Fund

fondo del mar sea bed

fondo y forma form and substance

fondos bloqueados frozen assets

fondos disponibles available funds, liquid assets

fondos públicos public funds

* * *

noun m.

1) bottom

2) back, rear

3) background

4) fund

* * *

SM

1) [parte inferior] [de caja, botella, lago, mar] bottom; [de río] bed

descendieron al fondo del cráter — they got down to the bottom of the crater

• los bajos fondos — the underworld

• una maletín con doble fondo — a case with a false bottom, a false-bottomed case

en todo lo que dice hay un doble fondo — there's a double meaning in everything he says

• irse al fondo — to sink to the bottom

• en el fondo del mar — [gen] at the bottom of the sea; (=en el lecho marino) on the sea bed

• sin fondo — bottomless

- tocar fondo

la economía tocó fondo y el gobierno tuvo que devaluar la moneda — the economy reached o hit rock bottom and the government had to devalue the currency

hemos tocado fondo y todo indica que la recuperación está muy próxima — the market has bottomed out and all the indications are that a recovery is just around the corner

2) [parte posterior] [de pasillo, calle, nave] end; [de habitación, armario] back

llegaron hasta el fondo de la gruta — they got to the back of the cave

• al fondo, su oficina está al fondo a la izquierda — her office is at the end on the left

al fondo del pasillo — at the end of the corridor

la barra está al fondo de la cafetería — the bar is at the (far) end of the cafe

había unas cortinas al fondo del escenario — at the back of the stage there were some curtains

3) (=profundidad) [de cajón, edificio, bañera] depth

¿cuánto tiene de fondo el armario? — how deep is the wardrobe?

• tener mucho fondo — to be deep

• tener poco fondo — [bañera] to be shallow; [cajón, armario] not to be deep enough

4) (=lo fundamental)

en el fondo de esta polémica late el miedo al cambio — at the heart o bottom of this controversy lies a fear of change

• la cuestión de fondo — the basic o fundamental issue

el problema de fondo — the basic o fundamental o underlying problem

• la forma y el fondo — form and content

• llegar al fondo de la cuestión — to get to the bottom of the matter
artículo 2)
5) (=segundo plano) background

verde sobre fondo rojo — green on a red background

la historia transcurre sobre un fondo de creciente inquietud social — the story takes place against a background of growing social unrest

• música de fondo — background music

• ruido de fondo — background noise

fondo de escritorio, fondo de pantalla — (Inform) (desktop) wallpaper

6)

• a fondo —

a) [como adj]

• una investigación a fondo — [policial] a thorough investigation; [de estudio] an in-depth study

• una limpieza a fondo — a thorough clean

una vez al mes hacemos una limpieza a fondo — once a month we do a really thorough clean

una limpieza a fondo de las fuerzas de seguridad — a thorough clean-up of the security forces

b) [como adv]

no conoce a fondo la situación del país — he does not have a thorough o an in-depth knowledge of the country's situation

la policía investigará a fondo lo ocurrido — the police will conduct a thorough investigation of what happened

he estudiado a fondo a los escritores del Siglo de Oro — I have studied Golden Age writers in great depth

aseguró que estudiaría a fondo nuestra propuesta — he promised to look closely at our proposal

• emplearse a fondo, tuvo que emplearse a fondo para disuadirlos — he had to use all his skill to dissuade them

el equipo deberá emplearse a fondo para derrotar a sus adversarios — the team will have to draw on all its resources to beat their opponents

• pisar a fondo el acelerador — to put one's foot down ( on the accelerator)

7)

• en el fondo —

a) (=en nuestro interior) deep down

en el fondo, es buena persona — deep down he's a good person, he's a good person at heart

• en el fondo de su corazón — in his heart of hearts, deep down

b) (=en realidad) really

lo que se debatirá en la reunión, en el fondo, es el futuro de la empresa — what is actually o really going to be debated in the meeting is the future of the company

la verdad es que en el fondo, no tengo ganas — to be honest, I really don't feel like it

en el fondo no quiere irse — when it comes down to it, he doesn't want to leave

c) (=en lo fundamental) fundamentally, essentially

en el fondo ambos sistemas son muy parecidos — fundamentally o essentially, both systems are very similar

8) (Dep)

• carrera de fondo — long-distance race

• esquí de fondo — cross-country skiing

• corredor de medio fondo — middle-distance runner

• pruebas de medio fondo — middle-distance events

fondo en carretera — long-distance road-racing

9) (=dinero) (Com, Econ) fund; [en póker, entre amigos] pot, kitty

tenemos un fondo para imprevistos — we have a contingency fund

contamos con un fondo de 150.000 euros para becas — we have at our disposal a budget of 150,000 euros for grants

hemos puesto un fondo para la comida — we have a kitty for the food

• a fondo perdido — [crédito, inversión] non-recoverable, non-refundable

subvención a fondo perdido — capital grant

su padre le ha prestado bastante dinero a fondo perdido — his father has given him quite a lot of money on permanent loan

fondo común — common fund

fondo consolidado — consolidated fund

fondo de amortización — sinking fund

Fondo de Ayuda al Desarrollo — Development Aid Fund

Fondo de Cohesión — Cohesion Fund

fondo de comercio — goodwill

Fondo de Compensación Interterritorial — system of financial redistribution between the autonomous regions of Spain

fondo de empréstitos — loan fund

fondo de inversión — investment fund

fondo de pensiones — pension fund

fondo de previsión — provident fund

fondo ético — (Econ) ethical investment fund

Fondo Monetario Internacional — International Monetary

fondo mutualista — mutual fund

10) pl fondos (=dinero) funds

• recaudar fondos — to raise funds

• estar sin fondos — to be out of funds, be broke *

cheque o talón sin fondos — bounced cheque, rubber check (EEUU)

el cheque no tenía fondos — the cheque bounced

fondos bloqueados — frozen assets

fondos públicos — public funds

fondos reservados — secret funds

11) (=reserva) [de biblioteca, archivo, museo] collection

el fondo de arte del museo — the museum's art collection

hay un fondo de verdad en lo que dice — there is a basis of truth in what he is saying

tiene un buen fondo de energías — he has boundless energy

fondo de armario — basic wardrobe

fondo editorial — list of titles

12) (=carácter) nature, disposition

de fondo jovial — of cheery o cheerful disposition, cheerful-natured

tiene un fondo de alegría — he is irrepressibly cheerful

tener buen fondo — to be good-natured

13) (Dep) (=resistencia) stamina

tener mucho fondo — to have a lot of stamina

tener poco fondo — to have no staying power

14) Chile, Méx, Ven [de comida, espectáculo]

como plato de fondo servirán pavo relleno — the main dish will be stuffed turkey

de fondo actuó el orfeón de carabineros — the main attraction was the police choir

15) Méx

• con o de fondo — serious

una película de fondo — a serious film

16) Méx, Ven (=combinación) petticoat

• medio fondo — slip

17) And (=finca) country estate

18) Chile (Culin) large pot ( to feed a large number of people)

* * *

masculino

1)

a) ( parte más baja) bottom

el fondo del mar — the bottom of the sea

una maleta de doble fondo — a suitcase with a false bottom

no toco fondo — I can't touch the bottom

en el fondo de su corazón — deep down (in his heart)

llegaré al fondo de esta cuestión — I'll get to the bottom of this matter

hay un fondo de verdad en eso — there is an element of truth in that

b) (parte de atrás - de pasillo, calle) end; (- de habitación) back

siga hasta el fondo del pasillo — go to the end of the corridor

estaban al or en el fondo de la sala — they were at the back of the room

c) ( profundidad)

tiene poco fondo — it is not very deep

un cajón con más fondo — a deeper drawer

d) ( de edificio) depth

e) (en cuadro, fotografía) background

2)

a) (Lit) ( contenido) content

el fondo y la forma — the form and content

b) (Der)

una cuestión de fondo — a question of law

3) (Fin)

a) ( de dinero) fund

hacer un fondo común — to start a joint fund o (colloq) a kitty

b) fondos masculino plural ( dinero) money, funds (pl)

recaudar fondos — to raise money

un cheque sin fondos — a dud o (AmE) rubber check (colloq)

me dio un cheque sin fondos — the check he gave me bounced

estoy mal de fondos — (fam) I'm short of cash (colloq)

c)

a fondo perdido — <inversión/préstamo> non-refundable, non-recoverable

- fondo de amortización/inversión/pensiones/previsión

- Fondo Monetario Internacional

- fondos públicos

4) (Dep) ( en atletismo)

de fondo — <corredor/carrera/prueba> long-distance

5) (de biblioteca, museo) collection

- fondo editorial

6) (Méx) (Indum) slip, underskirt

7) (en locs)

a fondo — (loc adj) <estudio/investigación> in-depth; (loc adv) <prepararse/entrenar> thoroughly

una limpieza a fondo — a thorough clean

una reforma a fondo — a sweeping reform

conoce el área/tema a fondo — she knows the area/subject really well

de fondo — <ruido/música> background (before n); <error/discrepancia> fundamental

en el fondo: en el fondo no es malo deep down he's not a bad person; en el fondo nos llevamos bien we get on all right, really; fondo blanco! (AmL fam) bottoms up! (colloq); tener buen fondo to be a good person at heart; tocar fondo to bottom out; su credibilidad ha tocado fondo — his credibility has hit o reached rock bottom

* * *

masculino

1)

a) ( parte más baja) bottom

el fondo del mar — the bottom of the sea

una maleta de doble fondo — a suitcase with a false bottom

no toco fondo — I can't touch the bottom

en el fondo de su corazón — deep down (in his heart)

llegaré al fondo de esta cuestión — I'll get to the bottom of this matter

hay un fondo de verdad en eso — there is an element of truth in that

b) (parte de atrás - de pasillo, calle) end; (- de habitación) back

siga hasta el fondo del pasillo — go to the end of the corridor

estaban al or en el fondo de la sala — they were at the back of the room

c) ( profundidad)

tiene poco fondo — it is not very deep

un cajón con más fondo — a deeper drawer

d) ( de edificio) depth

e) (en cuadro, fotografía) background

2)

a) (Lit) ( contenido) content

el fondo y la forma — the form and content

b) (Der)

una cuestión de fondo — a question of law

3) (Fin)

a) ( de dinero) fund

hacer un fondo común — to start a joint fund o (colloq) a kitty

b) fondos masculino plural ( dinero) money, funds (pl)

recaudar fondos — to raise money

un cheque sin fondos — a dud o (AmE) rubber check (colloq)

me dio un cheque sin fondos — the check he gave me bounced

estoy mal de fondos — (fam) I'm short of cash (colloq)

c)

a fondo perdido — <inversión/préstamo> non-refundable, non-recoverable

- fondo de amortización/inversión/pensiones/previsión

- Fondo Monetario Internacional

- fondos públicos

4) (Dep) ( en atletismo)

de fondo — <corredor/carrera/prueba> long-distance

5) (de biblioteca, museo) collection

- fondo editorial

6) (Méx) (Indum) slip, underskirt

7) (en locs)

a fondo — (loc adj) <estudio/investigación> in-depth; (loc adv) <prepararse/entrenar> thoroughly

una limpieza a fondo — a thorough clean

una reforma a fondo — a sweeping reform

conoce el área/tema a fondo — she knows the area/subject really well

de fondo — <ruido/música> background (before n); <error/discrepancia> fundamental

en el fondo: en el fondo no es malo deep down he's not a bad person; en el fondo nos llevamos bien we get on all right, really; fondo blanco! (AmL fam) bottoms up! (colloq); tener buen fondo to be a good person at heart; tocar fondo to bottom out; su credibilidad ha tocado fondo — his credibility has hit o reached rock bottom

* * *

fondo¹

¹ = background, backing, quid, crux, fundus.

Ex: In the background has often been the need, at a time of declining financial resources, to demonstrate the relevance of the library to all sectors of society and there can sometimes be detected an element of patronization.

Ex: A picture is a two-dimensional visual representation accessible to the naked eye and generally on an opaque backing.

Ex: The important moral crux at the heart of the novel 'The debt collector' is that the odds are stacked against the rehabilitation of violent criminals.

Ex: The crux of the process is the development of multiple models.

Ex: This is an extremely valuable clinical test that provides information about the circulatory system of the ocular fundus (the back of the eye) not attainable by routine examination.

* a fondo = fully, thoroughly, full-scale.

* al fondo (de) = at the bottom (of).

* artículo de fondo = feature article.

* corredor de fondo = long-distance runner.

* en el fondo = at heart, deep down, in the back of + Posesivo + mind, in the back of + Posesivo + head, at the back of + Posesivo + head, bottom line, the, in the bottom.

* en el fondo de = at the root of.

* esquiador de fondo = cross-country skier.

* esquí de fondo = cross-country skiing.

* fondo del mar = sea bottom, seafloor [sea floor], ocean floor, seabed [sea bed].

* fondo del océano = ocean bed, ocean floor.

* fondo marino = deep-sea floor.

* forma de doble fondo = double-faced mould.

* forma de un solo fondo = single-faced mould.

* forma de un solo fondo para papel verjurado = single-faced laid mould.

* limpiar a fondo = spring-clean, clear out.

* limpieza a fondo = spring cleaning.

* llegar al fondo de la cuestión = see to the + bottom of things.

* llegar al fondo de una Cuestión = get to + the bottom of, get to + the root of.

* mar de fondo = groundswell.

* material de fondo = backing.

* movimiento de fondo = groundswell.

* negro sobre fondo blanco = black on white.

* pez de fondo = groundfish, bottom fish.

* pozo sin fondo = bottomless pit.

* ruido de fondo = background noise.

* servir de telón de fondo = set + the backdrop.

* sin fondo = bottomless.

* telón de fondo = background, backdrop.

* teniendo como telón de fondo = against + background of.

* teniendo esto como telón de fondo = against this background.

* tocar fondo = bottom out, hit + rock-bottom, reach + rock-bottom, touch + rock bottom, strike + bottom.

fondo³

³ = backlist, stock, collection, stocking.

Ex: They not only provide detailed information about new books and those soon to be published, but also continue to list all of their books still in print (frequently called a ' backlist').

Ex: Consider, for example, the work of the shoe shop manager and the way he arranges his stock of shoes.

Ex: While there are a profusion of techniques in existence to gain access to the collections, there is no uniform system.

Ex: Because of the lack of stocking space, there are many products that we can order for next day pick-up.

* colección de fondos electrónicos = e-collection [electronic collection].

* colección de fondos locales = local history collection, local collection.

* con suficientes fondos = properly stocked.

* consultar los fondos = search + holdings.

* dotar de fondos a una biblioteca = stock + library.

* exceso de fondos = overstock.

* expurgo de fondos bibliográficos = collection weeding, stock weeding.

* fondo antiguo = antiquarian materials.

* fondo bibliográfico = bookstock [book stock].

* fondo circulante = circulating collection.

* fondo de acceso restringido = reserve collection.

* fondo de consulta en sala = reserve reading collection, reserve collection, reserve shelves, special reserve, reserve book room.

* fondo de lectura "formativo-recreativa" = browser collection.

* fondo de préstamo por horas = short-loan collection.

* fondo de recursos electrónicos de acceso restringido = electronic reserve.

* fondo de registros bibliográficos = bibliographic pool, bibliographic record pool.

* fondo de revistas = periodical holdings.

* fondo documental = document collection.

* fondo local = local material.

* fondos bibliográficos = holdings, stock.

* fondos de acceso libre = open stacks.

* fondos de acceso restringido = closed access collection, closed stacks, closed access stacks.

* fondos de la biblioteca = library's stock, library materials.

* fondos de libre acceso = open access stacks.

* fondos de material audiovisual = AV holdings.

* fondos de publicaciones periódicas = serial holdings.

* fondos de revistas = journal holdings.

* fondos indioamericanos = American Indian materials.

* fondos integrados = integrated stock.

* fondos locales = local history material.

* fondos patrimoniales = heritage collection.

* ingresar en los fondos = accession.

* mención de fondos = holdings statement.

* provisto de buenos fondos = stockholding.

* renovación de fondos = turnover, stock turnover, turnover of stock.

* renovar fondos = turn over.

* replanteamiento de los fondos = stock revision.

* sección de fondos locales = local studies department, local studies library, local studies collection.

* sección para el fondo de consulta en sala = reserve room.

* selección de fondos = stock selection.

* * *

fondo

masculine

A

1 (parte más baja) bottom

el fondo del mar the bottom of the sea

el fondo de la cacerola/bolsa the bottom of the saucepan/bag

es muy profundo, no consigo tocar fondo it's very deep, I can't touch the bottom

en el fondo de su corazón deep down (in his heart)

tenemos que llegar al fondo de esta cuestión we must get to the bottom of this matter

hay un fondo de verdad en esa historia there is an element of truth in that story

hay en él un fondo de maldad there's a streak of maliciousness in him

bajo¹ (↑ bajo (1)), doble¹ (↑ doble (1))

2 (de un pasillo, una calle) end; (de una habitación) back

al fondo, a la derecha at the end, on the right

siga hasta el fondo del pasillo go to the end of the corridor

yo vivo justo al fondo de la calle I live right at the end of the street

encontró la carta al fondo del cajón he found the letter at the back of the drawer

estaban sentados al or en el fondo de la sala they were sitting at the back of the room

3

(profundidad): esta piscina tiene poco fondo this pool is not very deep o is quite shallow

necesito un cajón con más fondo I need a deeper drawer

4 (de un edificio) depth

el edificio tiene poca fachada pero mucho fondo the building has a narrow frontage but it goes back a long way

5 (en un cuadro, una fotografía) background

estampado blanco sobre fondo gris white print on gray background

Compuesto:

fondo de escritorio or pantalla

( Inf) wallpaper

B

1 ( Lit) (contenido) content

el fondo y la forma de una novela the form and content of a novel

2 ( Der):

una cuestión de fondo a question of law

C ( Fin)

1 (de dinero) fund

un fondo para las víctimas del siniestro a fund for the disaster victims

tenemos un fondo común para estas cosas we have a joint fund o ( colloq) a kitty for these things

2 fondos mpl (dinero) money, funds (pl)

recaudar fondos to raise money

reunió los fondos para la operación he raised the funds o money for the operation

no dispone de fondos suficientes en la cuenta he does not have sufficient funds o money in his account

un cheque sin fondos a dud o ( AmE) rubber check ( colloq)

me dio un cheque sin fondos the check he gave me bounced, he gave me a dud check, the bank would not honor the check he gave me ( frml)

el departamento no dispone de fondos para este fin the department does not have funds o money available for this purpose

los fondos están bloqueados the funds have been frozen

estoy mal de fondos ( fam); I'm short of cash ( colloq)

3

a fondo perdido ‹inversión/préstamo› non-refundable, non-recoverable

lo que pagas de alquiler es dinero a fondo perdido the money you spend on rent is money wasted o ( colloq) money down the drain

Compuestos:

● fondo de amortización

sinking fund

● fondo de capital inversión

venture capital fund

● fondo de capital (de) riesgo

venture capital fund

● fondo de comercio

goodwill

● fondo de fondos

( Fin) fund of funds

● fondo de garantía de depósitos

deposit guarantee fund

● fondo de huelga

strike fund

● fondo de inversión

investment fund

● fondo de inversión inmobiliaria

Real Estate Investment Trust, REIT

● fondo de inversión libre

hedge fund

● fondo de investigación

research fund

● fondo de pensiones

pension fund

● fondo de previsión

provident fund

● fondo de reptiles

slush fund

● fondo de solidaridad

fighting fund

● fondo referenciado

tracker fund

● Fondo de Cohesión

(UE) Cohesion Fund

● Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo

(UE) European Development Fund

● Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional

(UE) European Regional Development Fund

● Fondo Europeo de Orientación y de Garantía Agrícola

(UE) European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund

● Fondo Monetario Internacional

International Monetary Fund, IMF

● Fondo Social Europeo

(UE) European Social Fund

● fondos estructurales

mpl (UE) structural funds (pl)

● fondos públicos

mpl public funds (pl)

● fondos reservados

mpl secret funds (pl)

D ( Dep)

1

(en atletismo): de fondo ‹corredor/carrera/prueba› long-distance

medio¹ (↑ medio (1))

2 (en gimnasia) push-up, press-up ( BrE)

E (de una biblioteca, un museo) collection

Compuesto:

fondo editorial

list (of titles)

F (de una alcachofa) heart

G ( Méx) ( Indum) petticoat, underskirt

H ( en locs):

a fondo ( loc adj) ‹estudio/análisis/investigación› in-depth ( before n);

( loc adv) ‹prepararse/entrenar› thoroughly

esto necesita una limpieza a fondo this needs a thorough clean

una reforma a fondo de las instituciones a sweeping reform of the institutions

estudiar a fondo un problema to study a problem in depth

los próximos días deben ser aprovechados a fondo you/we must make full use of the next few days, you/we must use the next few days to the full

de fondo ‹ruido/música› background ( before n);

‹error/discrepancia› fundamental maquillaje

en fondo ( Mil) abreast

de cuatro en fondo four abreast

en el fondo: en el fondo no es malo deep down he's not a bad person

discutimos mucho, pero en el fondo nos llevamos bien we quarrel a lot but basically we get on all right o but we get on all right, really

¡fondo blanco! ( AmL fam); bottoms up! ( colloq)

tener buen fondoor no tener mal fondo to be a good person at heart, to have one's heart in the right place

tocar fondo: en el mes de abril el precio tocó fondo in April the price bottomed out

ya hemos tocado fondo y las cosas empiezan a ir mejor we seem to be past the worst now and things are beginning to go better

su credibilidad ha tocado fondo his credibility has hit o reached rock bottom

me voy a tener que volver porque ya estoy tocando fondo I'm going to have to go back because I'm down to my last few dollars ( o pesos etc)

I ( Chi) (olla grande) cauldron, large pot

* * *

fondo sustantivo masculino
1
a) ( parte más baja) bottom;

◊ el fondo del mar the bottom of the sea;

llegaré al fondo de esta cuestión I'll get to the bottom of this matter
b) ( parte de atrás — de pasillo, calle) end;

(— de habitación) back;
◊ al fondo de la sala at the back of the room

c) ( profundidad):

◊ tiene poco fondo it is not very deep

d) ( de edificio) depth

e) (en cuadro, fotografía) background

2 (Lit) ( contenido) content
3 (Fin)
a) ( de dinero) fund;

◊ hacer un fondo común to start a joint fund o (colloq) a kitty

b)

◊ fondos sustantivo masculino plural ( dinero) money, funds (pl);

recaudar fondos to raise money;
un cheque sin fondos a dud o (AmE) rubber check (colloq)
4 (Dep) ( en atletismo):
◊ de fondo ‹corredor/carrera/prueba› long-distance ( before n)

5 (Méx) (Indum) slip, underskirt
6 ( en locs)
◊ a fondo ( loc adj) ‹estudio/investigación› in-depth ( before n);

‹ limpieza› thorough;
( loc adv) ‹prepararse/entrenar› thoroughly;
◊ conoce el tema a fondo she knows the subject really well;

de fondo ‹ruido/música› background ( before n);
en el fondo: en el fondo nos llevamos bien we get on all right, really;
en el fondo no es malo deep down he's not a bad person
fondo sustantivo masculino
1 (parte más profunda) bottom
un doble fondo, a false bottom
2 (interior de una persona) en el fondo es muy tierno, deep down he's very gentle
3 (extremo opuesto) (de una habitación) back
(de un pasillo) end
4 (segundo plano) background
música de fondo, background music
mujer sobre fondo rojo, woman on a red background
5 (núcleo, meollo) essence, core
el fondo del asunto, the core of the matter
6 Prensa artículo de fondo, leading article
7 Dep corredor de fondo, long-distance runner
esquí de fondo, cross-country skiing
8 Fin fund: nos dio un cheque sin fondos, he gave us a bad cheque
familiar fondo común, kitty 9 bajos fondos, underworld
10 (conjunto de documentos, libros etc.) batch: los fondos documentales están en el sótano, the batches of documents are in the basement
♦ Locuciones: tocar fondo, Náut to touch bottom
figurado to reach rock bottom
a fondo, thoroughly
a fondo perdido, non-recoverable funds
' fondo' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
esquí
- F.M.I.
- FMI
- FSE
- lecho
- revolverse
- sentar
- telón
- artículo
- barril
- bien
- carrera
- corredor
- crear
- cuestión
- doble
- maquillaje
- mar
English:
back
- backdrop
- background
- bed
- blunder
- board
- bottom
- bottom out
- bottomless
- clean out
- clear out
- cross-country
- dappled
- depth
- end
- extensive
- floor
- fund
- going-over
- groundswell
- heart
- IMF
- inch
- International Monetary Fund
- kitty
- long-distance
- mutual fund
- pool
- scrub down
- seabed
- sink
- spring-clean
- stuff away
- thoroughly
- thrash out
- underneath
- unit trust
- abreast
- clean
- closely
- deep
- deeply
- disaster
- float
- full
- further
- good
- heavy
- in-depth
- international

* * *

fondo nm

1. [parte inferior] bottom;

el fondo del mar the bottom of the sea;

fondos [de embarcación] bottom;

dar fondo [embarcación] to drop anchor;

echar a fondo [embarcación] to sink;

irse a fondo [embarcación] to sink, to founder;

sin fondo bottomless;

Comp
RP Fam
¡fondo blanco! bottoms up!;

Comp

tocar fondo [embarcación] to hit the bottom (of the sea/river);
[crisis] to bottom out;
su popularidad ha tocado fondo their popularity has reached an all-time low o rock bottom;

mi paciencia ha tocado fondo my patience has reached its limit

2. [de habitación, escenario] back;

al fondo de [calle, pasillo] at the end of;
[sala] at the back of;
el fondo de la pista the back of the court;

los baños están al fondo del pasillo, a la derecha the toilets are at the end of the corridor, on the right

3. [dimensión] depth;

un río de poco fondo a shallow river;

tener un metro de fondo to be one metre deep

4. [de cuadro, foto, tela] background;

quiero una tela de flores sobre fondo negro I'd like some material with a pattern of flowers on a black background;

al fondo in the background

5. [de alcachofa] heart

6. [de asunto, problema] heart, bottom;

el problema de fondo the underlying problem;

la cuestión de fondo the fundamental issue;

llegar al fondo de to get to the heart o bottom of;

el gobierno quiere llegar al fondo de la cuestión the government wants to get to the bottom of the matter;

en el fondo [en lo más íntimo] deep down;
[en lo esencial] basically;
en el fondo está enamorada de él deep down, she loves him;

en el fondo, no es mala persona deep down, she's not a bad person;

en el fondo tus problemas son los mismos basically, you have the same problems

7. [de una persona]
tener buen fondo to have a good heart;

tener mal fondo to be a Br nasty o US real piece of work

8. [de obra literaria] substance

9. [de dinero] fund;

a fondo perdido [préstamo] non-returnable;

no estamos dispuestos a invertir a fondo perdido we're not prepared to pour money down the drain;

fondos [capital] funds;

nos hemos quedado sin fondos our funds have run out;

un cheque sin fondos a bad cheque;

estar mal de fondos [persona] to be badly off;
[empresa] to be short of funds;
recaudar fondos to raise funds

Comp
Econ fondo de amortización sinking fund;
fondos bloqueados frozen funds;

fondo de cohesión cohesion fund;
Fin fondo de comercio goodwill;
fondo de compensación interterritorial interterritorial compensation fund;

fondo común kitty;

poner un fondo (común) to set up a kitty;
Fin fondo de crédito permanente evergreen fund;
fondo de emergencia contingency fund;
UE fondos estructurales structural funds; Fin fondo ético ethical fund; UE Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo European Development Fund; UE Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional European Regional Development Fund;
fondo de fideicomiso trust fund;
Fin fondo de garantía de depósitos deposit guarantee fund; Fin fondo de inversión investment fund; Fin fondo de inversión ético ethical investment fund;
fondo de inversión inmobiliaria real estate investment fund;

fondo de inversión mobiliaria Br trust fund, US mutual fund;

Fondo Monetario Internacional International Monetary Fund;

Fondo Mundial para la Naturaleza World Wildlife Fund;
Econ fondo de pensiones pension fund;
fondos públicos public funds;
Fin fondo de renta fija non-equity fund, bond fund; Fin fondo de renta variable equity fund;
fondos reservados = contingency funds available to ministries, for which they do not have to account publicly;
Fin fondo rotativo revolving fund; UE Fondo Social Europeo European Social Fund;
fondo vitalicio life annuity

10. [fundamento] reason, basis;

sus acciones tienen siempre un fondo humanitario everything she does is for humanitarian reasons

11.
hacer algo a fondo [en profundidad] to do sth thoroughly;

hicimos una lectura a fondo we read it through carefully;

hacer una limpieza a fondo to have a thorough clean;

el juez ha ordenado una investigación a fondo the judge has ordered a full enquiry o an in-depth investigation;

emplearse a fondo to do one's utmost

12. [de biblioteca, archivo] catalogue, collection

Comp
fondo editorial backlist
13. Dep [resistencia física] stamina

14. Dep [larga distancia] long-distance running;

medio fondo middle-distance running;

carrera de fondo long-distance race;

esquí de fondo cross-country skiing;

de medio fondo middle-distance

Comp
fondo en carretera [ciclismo] road racing
15. Dep [ejercicio] push-up, Br press-up

16. Carib, Méx [prenda] petticoat

17. Cuba [caldero] cauldron

18. RP [patio] back patio

* * *

fondo

m

1 bottom;

doble fondo false bottom;

fondo marino seabed;

tocar fondo fig reach bottom;

los bajos fondos the underworld sg

2 ( profundidad) depth;

hacer una limpieza a fondo de algo give sth a thorough clean, clean sth thoroughly;

emplearse a fondo fig give one’s all;

ir al fondo de algo look at sth in depth;

en el fondo deep down

3 de sala, cuarto etc back; de pasillo end

4 PINT, FOT background;

música de fondo background music

5 de un museo etc collection

6 COM fund;

fondos pl money sg, funds;

a fondo perdido non-refundable;

sin fondos cheque dud

7 DEP

:

de medio fondo middle distance atr

8 ( disposición)

:

tiene buen fondo he’s got a good heart

* * *

fondo nm

1) : bottom

2) : rear, back, end

3) : depth

4) : background

5) : sea bed

6) : fund

fondo de inversiones: investment fund

7) Mex : slip, petticoat

8) fondos nmpl

: funds, resources

cheque sin fondos: bounced check

9)

a fondo : thoroughly, in depth

10)

en fondo : abreast

* * *

fondo n

1. (en general) bottom

en el fondo del mar at the bottom of the sea

2. (de calle, pasillo) end

al fondo del pasillo at the end of the corridor

3. (de habitación) back

al fondo de la sala at the back of the hall

4. (segundo término) background

a fondo in detail

estudiaremos el tema a fondo we'll study the subject in detail

en el fondo (en lo esencial) deep down (en realidad) basically

fondo marino seabed

Spanish-English dictionary > fondo
6 influencia

f.

influence.

tuvo gran influencia sobre el resultado de las elecciones it had a considerable influence on the result of the election, it heavily influenced the result of the election

bajo la influencia de la anestesia under (the influence of) the anesomethingetic

pres.indicat.

3^rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: influenciar.

imperat.

2^nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: influenciar.

* * *

influencia

► nombre femenino

1 influence

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

tener influencia sobre alguien to have an influence on somebody

tener influencias to be influential

* * *

noun f.

influence

* * *

SF

1) (=influjo) influence

Cervantes ejerció gran influencia en su poesía — Cervantes had a great influence on his poetry

sus pinturas tienen influencia modernista — his pictures show a modernist influence

la tele tiene influencia negativa sobre mis hijos — telly has o is a bad influence on my children

ya no tiene influencia dentro del gobierno — he now has no influence in the government

tiene influencia con el jefe — she has influence with the boss

actuó bajo la influencia de las drogas — he acted under the influence of drugs

2) pl influencias (=contactos) contacts

siempre se vale de sus influencias — he always uses his contacts
tráfico 3)
* * *

femenino

1) ( influjo) influence

bajo la influencia del alcohol — under the influence of alcohol

influencia en or sobre algo — influence on o upon something

influencia sobre alguien — influence on somebody

ejerce una mala influencia sobre ti — she's a bad influence on you

2) influencias femenino plural ( contactos) contacts (pl)

tiene influencias en las altas esferas — she has friends in high places

* * *

= force, influence, lever, leverage, say, clout, good offices, sway.

Ex. Her reason admitted the force of his arguments, but her instinct opposed it.

Ex. All these influences are at work before a child goes to school, yet until quite recently we have behaved as though good teaching in good schools was enough to compensate for the disabilities of verbally impoverished children.

Ex. An indication that the Commission would be prepared to accept a borderline project would provide a useful lever when the application is passed to the UK Government.

Ex. At certain times, dubious interpretations of the rules have even been used as leverage in gaining ground on matters of dispute between Community partners.

Ex. I've seen people clamor for a say and when it's given to them they don't take it.

Ex. IT executives would like to see their role in the organization elevated, giving them more ' clout', stature and visibility.

Ex. This enables the library to use the MPEs' good offices and contacts to influence the national government on projects which are important for the area.

Ex. During this period Africa was influenced by external forces as the Islamic states of the north extended their sway south.

----

* área de influencia = remit.

* buena influencia = good influence.

* campaña contra la conducción bajo la influencia del alcohol = drink-drive campaign, anti-drink-drive campaign.

* conducción bajo la influencia del alcohol = drink driving, drunk driving.

* conducir bajo la influencia del alcohol = drive while under + the influence of alcohol.

* de gran influencia = seminal.

* ejercer influencia = exert + influence, wield + influence, deliver + clout.

* ejercer influencia (sobre) = come to + bear influence (on).

* ejercer una gran influencia en = play + a strong hand in.

* esfera de influencia = sphere of influence.

* extender la influencia = spread + influence.

* hacer uso de influencias = pull + strings.

* influencia de los amigos = peer influence.

* influencia económica = economic influence.

* influencia electoral = coattails, political coattails, electoral coattails.

* influencia histórica = historical influence.

* influencia política = political clout, political influence.

* influencia social = social influence.

* mala influencia = bad seed, bad influence.

* perder influencia = lose + clout.

* tener influencias = have + pull.

* tener influencia sobre = have + hold on.

* traficante de influencias = power broker.

* tráfico de influencias = spoils system, nepotism.

* valerse de influencias = pull + strings.

* * *

femenino

1) ( influjo) influence

bajo la influencia del alcohol — under the influence of alcohol

influencia en or sobre algo — influence on o upon something

influencia sobre alguien — influence on somebody

ejerce una mala influencia sobre ti — she's a bad influence on you

2) influencias femenino plural ( contactos) contacts (pl)

tiene influencias en las altas esferas — she has friends in high places

* * *

= force, influence, lever, leverage, say, clout, good offices, sway.

Ex: Her reason admitted the force of his arguments, but her instinct opposed it.

Ex: All these influences are at work before a child goes to school, yet until quite recently we have behaved as though good teaching in good schools was enough to compensate for the disabilities of verbally impoverished children.

Ex: An indication that the Commission would be prepared to accept a borderline project would provide a useful lever when the application is passed to the UK Government.

Ex: At certain times, dubious interpretations of the rules have even been used as leverage in gaining ground on matters of dispute between Community partners.

Ex: I've seen people clamor for a say and when it's given to them they don't take it.

Ex: IT executives would like to see their role in the organization elevated, giving them more ' clout', stature and visibility.

Ex: This enables the library to use the MPEs' good offices and contacts to influence the national government on projects which are important for the area.

Ex: During this period Africa was influenced by external forces as the Islamic states of the north extended their sway south.

* área de influencia = remit.

* buena influencia = good influence.

* campaña contra la conducción bajo la influencia del alcohol = drink-drive campaign, anti-drink-drive campaign.

* conducción bajo la influencia del alcohol = drink driving, drunk driving.

* conducir bajo la influencia del alcohol = drive while under + the influence of alcohol.

* de gran influencia = seminal.

* ejercer influencia = exert + influence, wield + influence, deliver + clout.

* ejercer influencia (sobre) = come to + bear influence (on).

* ejercer una gran influencia en = play + a strong hand in.

* esfera de influencia = sphere of influence.

* extender la influencia = spread + influence.

* hacer uso de influencias = pull + strings.

* influencia de los amigos = peer influence.

* influencia económica = economic influence.

* influencia electoral = coattails, political coattails, electoral coattails.

* influencia histórica = historical influence.

* influencia política = political clout, political influence.

* influencia social = social influence.

* mala influencia = bad seed, bad influence.

* perder influencia = lose + clout.

* tener influencias = have + pull.

* tener influencia sobre = have + hold on.

* traficante de influencias = power broker.

* tráfico de influencias = spoils system, nepotism.

* valerse de influencias = pull + strings.

* * *

influencia

feminine

A (influjo) influence

el edificio es de or tiene influencia barroca the building displays baroque influence

bajo la influencia del alcohol under the influence of alcohol

influencia EN or SOBRE algo influence ON o UPON sth

los clásicos ejercieron una gran influencia en su obra his works were greatly influenced by the classics, the classics had an important influence on his works

la influencia de los astros sobre la vida humana the influence of the stars on human life

influencia SOBRE algn influence ON sb

esa mujer ejerce una mala influencia sobre ti that woman is o has a bad influence on you

B influencias fpl (contactos) contacts (pl)

tiene influencias en las altas esferas she's got friends in high places, she's got influential contacts

* * *

Del verbo influenciar: ( conjugate influenciar)

influencia es:

3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo

2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo

Multiple Entries:
influencia
influenciar
influencia sustantivo femenino
1 ( influjo) influence;
◊ bajo la influencia del alcohol under the influence of alcohol;

influencia en or sobre algo influence on o upon sth;
influencia sobre algn influence on sb
2
◊ influencias sustantivo femenino plural ( contactos) contacts (pl)

influenciar ( conjugate influenciar) verbo transitivo
to influence
influencia sustantivo femenino
1 (ascendencia, efecto) influence: tiene mucha influencia sobre él, he has a lot of influence on/over him
2 influencias (contacto con personas decisivas); tener influencias, to be influential
tráfico de influencias, insider trading/dealing
influenciar verbo transitivo to influence
' influencia' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
ámbito
- contacto
- ejercer
- menoscabo
- militarista
- neutralizar
- órbita
- palanca
- parcela
- peso
- regusto
- sobre
- benéfico
- capital
- enchufe
- extender
- exterior
- externo
- maléfico
- maligno
- malsano
- menguar
- nefasto
- nocivo
- poder
- vara
English:
architecture
- clout
- DUI
- exert
- expansion
- extend
- influence
- pull
- shrink
- shrinkage
- sphere
- stretch
- sway

* * *

influencia nf

1. [poder] influence;

ejerce una gran influencia sobre su marido she has a lot of influence over her husband;

está creciendo su influencia dentro del partido her influence within the party is growing;

tuvo gran influencia sobre el resultado de las elecciones it had a considerable influence on the result of the election, it greatly influenced the result of the election;

un país dentro de la esfera de influencia de Rusia a country within Russia's sphere of influence;

bajo la influencia de la anestesia under (the influence of the) anaesthetic

2.
influencias [contactos] contacts, pull;

consiguió ese puesto por influencias she got that job through knowing the right people

* * *

influencia

f influence;

tener influencias have contacts

* * *

influencia nf

influjo: influence

* * *

influencia n influence

tiene mucha influencia sobre su hijo he has a lot of influence on his son

Spanish-English dictionary > influencia
7 Philosophy

   1) There Are Ideas That Have Their Own True and Immutable Nature

   And what I believe to be more important here is that I find in myself an infinity of ideas of certain things which cannot be assumed to be pure nothingness, even though they may have perhaps no existence outside of my thought. These things are not figments of my imagination, even though it is within my power to think of them or not to think of them; on the contrary, they have their own true and immutable natures. Thus, for example, when I imagine a triangle, even though there may perhaps be no such figure anywhere in the world outside of my thought, nor ever have been, nevertheless the figure cannot help having a certain determinate nature... or essence, which is immutable and eternal, which I have not invented and which does not in any way depend upon my mind. (Descartes, 1951, p. 61)

   2) Examine What Is within Our Reach

   Let us console ourselves for not knowing the possible connections between a spider and the rings of Saturn, and continue to examine what is within our reach. (Voltaire, 1961, p. 144)

   3) Modern Philosophy Starts with the Cartesian Catastrophe

   As modern physics started with the Newtonian revolution, so modern philosophy starts with what one might call the Cartesian Catastrophe. The catastrophe consisted in the splitting up of the world into the realms of matter and mind, and the identification of "mind" with conscious thinking. The result of this identification was the shallow rationalism of l'esprit Cartesien, and an impoverishment of psychology which it took three centuries to remedy even in part. (Koestler, 1964, p. 148)

   4) The Rightful Claims of Philosophy

   It has been made of late a reproach against natural philosophy that it has struck out on a path of its own, and has separated itself more and more widely from the other sciences which are united by common philological and historical studies. The opposition has, in fact, been long apparent, and seems to me to have grown up mainly under the inﬂuence of the Hegelian philosophy, or, at any rate, to have been brought out into more distinct relief by that philosophy.... The sole object of Kant's "Critical Philosophy" was to test the sources and the authority of our knowledge, and to fix a definite scope and standard for the researches of philosophy, as compared with other sciences.... [But Hegel's] "Philosophy of Identity" was bolder. It started with the hypothesis that not only spiritual phenomena, but even the actual world-nature, that is, and man-were the result of an act of thought on the part of a creative mind, similar, it was supposed, in kind to the human mind.... The philosophers accused the scientific men of narrowness; the scientific men retorted that the philosophers were crazy. And so it came about that men of science began to lay some stress on the banishment of all philosophic inﬂuences from their work; while some of them, including men of the greatest acuteness, went so far as to condemn philosophy altogether, not merely as useless, but as mischievous dreaming. Thus, it must be confessed, not only were the illegitimate pretensions of the Hegelian system to subordinate to itself all other studies rejected, but no regard was paid to the rightful claims of philosophy, that is, the criticism of the sources of cognition, and the definition of the functions of the intellect. (Helmholz, quoted in Dampier, 1966, pp. 291-292)

   5) The Philosophy of Philosophy

   Philosophy remains true to its classical tradition by renouncing it. (Habermas, 1972, p. 317)

   6) Philosophy Is a Field Which Has Certain Central Questions

   I have not attempted... to put forward any grand view of the nature of philosophy; nor do I have any such grand view to put forth if I would. It will be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the history of "howlers" and progress in philosophy as the debunking of howlers. It will also be obvious that I do not agree with those who see philosophy as the enterprise of putting forward a priori truths about the world.... I see philosophy as a field which has certain central questions, for example, the relation between thought and reality.... It seems obvious that in dealing with these questions philosophers have formulated rival research programs, that they have put forward general hypotheses, and that philosophers within each major research program have modified their hypotheses by trial and error, even if they sometimes refuse to admit that that is what they are doing. To that extent philosophy is a "science." To argue about whether philosophy is a science in any more serious sense seems to me to be hardly a useful occupation.... It does not seem to me important to decide whether science is philosophy or philosophy is science as long as one has a conception of both that makes both essential to a responsible view of the world and of man's place in it. (Putnam, 1975, p. xvii)

   7) The Central Task of Philosophy

   What can philosophy contribute to solving the problem of the relation [of] mind to body? Twenty years ago, many English-speaking philosophers would have answered: "Nothing beyond an analysis of the various mental concepts." If we seek knowledge of things, they thought, it is to science that we must turn. Philosophy can only cast light upon our concepts of those things.

   This retreat from things to concepts was not undertaken lightly. Ever since the seventeenth century, the great intellectual fact of our culture has been the incredible expansion of knowledge both in the natural and in the rational sciences (mathematics, logic).

   The success of science created a crisis in philosophy. What was there for philosophy to do? Hume had already perceived the problem in some degree, and so surely did Kant, but it was not until the twentieth century, with the Vienna Circle and with Wittgenstein, that the difficulty began to weigh heavily. Wittgenstein took the view that philosophy could do no more than strive to undo the intellectual knots it itself had tied, so achieving intellectual release, and even a certain illumination, but no knowledge. A little later, and more optimistically, Ryle saw a positive, if reduced role, for philosophy in mapping the "logical geography" of our concepts: how they stood to each other and how they were to be analyzed....

   Since that time, however, philosophers in the "analytic" tradition have swung back from Wittgensteinian and even Rylean pessimism to a more traditional conception of the proper role and tasks of philosophy. Many analytic philosophers now would accept the view that the central task of philosophy is to give an account, or at least play a part in giving an account, of the most general nature of things and of man. (Armstrong, 1990, pp. 37-38)

   8) Philosophy's Evolving Engagement with Artificial Intelligence and Cognitive Science

   In the beginning, the nature of philosophy's engagement with artificial intelligence and cognitive science was clear enough. The new sciences of the mind were to provide the long-awaited vindication of the most potent dreams of naturalism and materialism. Mind would at last be located firmly within the natural order. We would see in detail how the most perplexing features of the mental realm could be supported by the operations of solely physical laws upon solely physical stuff. Mental causation (the power of, e.g., a belief to cause an action) would emerge as just another species of physical causation. Reasoning would be understood as a kind of automated theorem proving. And the key to both was to be the depiction of the brain as the implementation of multiple higher level programs whose task was to manipulate and transform symbols or representations: inner items with one foot in the physical (they were realized as brain states) and one in the mental (they were bearers of contents, and their physical gymnastics were cleverly designed to respect semantic relationships such as truth preservation). (A. Clark, 1996, p. 1)

   9) The Enduring Value of Philosophy

   Socrates of Athens famously declared that "the unexamined life is not worth living," and his motto aptly explains the impulse to philosophize. Taking nothing for granted, philosophy probes and questions the fundamental presuppositions of every area of human inquiry.... [P]art of the job of the philosopher is to keep at a certain critical distance from current doctrines, whether in the sciences or the arts, and to examine instead how the various elements in our world-view clash, or fit together. Some philosophers have tried to incorporate the results of these inquiries into a grand synoptic view of the nature of reality and our human relationship to it. Others have mistrusted system-building, and seen their primary role as one of clarifications, or the removal of obstacles along the road to truth. But all have shared the Socratic vision of using the human intellect to challenge comfortable preconceptions, insisting that every aspect of human theory and practice be subjected to continuing critical scrutiny....

   Philosophy is, of course, part of a continuing tradition, and there is much to be gained from seeing how that tradition originated and developed. But the principal object of studying the materials in this book is not to pay homage to past genius, but to enrich one's understanding of central problems that are as pressing today as they have always been-problems about knowledge, truth and reality, the nature of the mind, the basis of right action, and the best way to live. These questions help to mark out the territory of philosophy as an academic discipline, but in a wider sense they define the human predicament itself; they will surely continue to be with us for as long as humanity endures. (Cottingham, 1996, pp. xxi-xxii)

    10) The Distinction between Dionysian Man and Apollonian Man, between Art and Creativity and Reason and Self- Control

   In his study of ancient Greek culture, The Birth of Tragedy, Nietzsche drew what would become a famous distinction, between the Dionysian spirit, the untamed spirit of art and creativity, and the Apollonian, that of reason and self-control. The story of Greek civilization, and all civilizations, Nietzsche implied, was the gradual victory of Apollonian man, with his desire for control over nature and himself, over Dionysian man, who survives only in myth, poetry, music, and drama. Socrates and Plato had attacked the illusions of art as unreal, and had overturned the delicate cultural balance by valuing only man's critical, rational, and controlling consciousness while denigrating his vital life instincts as irrational and base. The result of this division is "Alexandrian man," the civilized and accomplished Greek citizen of the later ancient world, who is "equipped with the greatest forces of knowledge" but in whom the wellsprings of creativity have dried up. (Herman, 1997, pp. 95-96)

Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Philosophy
8 hard

hard [hɑ:d]

dur ⇒ 1 (a)-(c), 2 (a) difficile ⇒ 1 (b) froid ⇒ 1 (c) rude ⇒ 1 (c) concret ⇒ 1 (d) fort ⇒ 2 (a) difficilement ⇒ 2 (b) durement ⇒ 2 (c)

1 adjective

(a) (not soft → substance, light, colour) dur;

∎ to get or to become hard durcir;

∎ rock hard, (as) hard as rock dur comme la pierre;

∎ his muscles are rock hard or (as) hard as rock ses muscles sont durs comme le fer, il a des muscles d'acier;

∎ she is (as) hard as nails (emotionally) elle est dure, elle n'a pas de cœur; (physically) c'est une dure à cuire

(b) (difficult → question, problem etc) difficile, dur;

∎ the laws make it hard to leave the country à cause des lois, il est difficile de quitter le pays;

∎ to have a hard fight or struggle on one's hands avoir une lourde tâche devant soi;

∎ it's hard to explain c'est difficile ou dur à expliquer;

∎ I find it hard to understand/believe that... je n'arrive pas à comprendre pourquoi/croire que...;

∎ it's hard to say c'est difficile à dire;

∎ he's hard to get on with il n'est pas facile à vivre;

∎ she is hard to please (never satisfied) elle est difficile; (difficult to buy gifts for etc) c'est difficile de lui faire plaisir;

∎ it's hard to beat on trouve difficilement mieux;

∎ it's hard to beat a good Bordeaux il n'y a rien de meilleur qu'un bon bordeaux;

∎ the hardest part of the job is done le plus dur est fait;

∎ life is hard c'est dur, la vie;

∎ times are hard les temps sont durs ou difficiles;

∎ these are hard times for all of us c'est une période difficile pour tout le monde;

∎ to fall on hard times (financially) connaître des temps difficiles ou une période de vaches maigres; (have difficult times) connaître des temps difficiles, en voir de dures;

∎ to give sb a hard time en faire voir de dures à qn;

∎ the boss has just been giving me a hard time le patron vient de me faire passer un mauvais quart d'heure;

∎ come on, don't give me a hard time! allez, laisse-moi tranquille!;

∎ you'll have a hard time (of it) persuading him to do that tu vas avoir du mal à le convaincre de faire cela;

∎ she had a hard time of it after her mother's death elle a traversé une période difficile après la mort de sa mère;

∎ she had a hard time of it when she was a child la vie n'était pas drôle pour elle quand elle était enfant;

∎ she had a hard time of it (in childbirth, operation) elle a souffert;

∎ to learn sth the hard way (involving personal loss, suffering etc) apprendre qch à ses dépens; (in a difficult way) faire le rude apprentissage de qch;

∎ I learnt the hard way not to be underinsured j'ai appris à mes dépens qu'il ne faut pas être sous-assuré;

∎ I learnt skiing the hard way j'ai appris à skier à la dure;

∎ I learnt my seamanship the hard way j'ai fait le rude apprentissage du métier de marin;

∎ to do things the hard way (through choice) se compliquer la vie; (due to circumstances) en baver;

∎ some people always have to do things the hard way il y a des gens qui choisissent toujours la difficulté;

∎ to play hard to get (flirt) jouer les insaisissables;

∎ humorous their financial expert is playing hard to get leur expert financier semble jouer à cache-cache;

∎ the hard of hearing les malentendants mpl;

∎ to be hard of hearing être dur d'oreille;

∎ a glass of wine, or would you prefer a drop of the hard stuff? un verre de vin, ou bien préféreriez-vous une goutte de quelque chose de plus fort?;

∎ keep off the hard stuff évitez les boissons fortes

(c) (severe → voice, face, eyes) dur, froid; (→ climate, winter) rigoureux, rude; (→ frost) fort, rude;

∎ he's hard (tough) c'est un dur;

∎ to be hard on sb être dur avec qn;

∎ children are hard on their shoes les enfants font subir de mauvais traitements à leurs chaussures;

∎ it's hard on the nerves c'est dur pour les nerfs;

∎ it was hard on the others ça a été dur pour les autres;

∎ it's hardest on the children le plus dur, c'est pour les enfants;

∎ to be a hard taskmaster être dur à la tâche;

∎ to take a long hard look at sth examiner qch de près;

∎ you should take a long hard look at yourself tu devrais bien te regarder;

∎ it's a hard blow for him c'est un coup terrible pour lui;

∎ no hard feelings? tu ne m'en veux pas?;

∎ familiar hard luck!, British hard cheese!, hard lines! pas de chance!^□, pas de veine!, pas de bol!;

∎ it will be hard luck if he doesn't get the job ça ne sera pas de veine ou de bol s'il n'obtient pas le travail;

∎ don't give me any of your hard luck stories ne me raconte pas tes malheurs;

∎ he gave me some hard luck story about having lost his investments il a essayé de m'apitoyer en me racontant qu'il avait perdu l'argent qu'il avait investi;

∎ familiar a hard nut or man un dur

(d) (concrete → facts) concret(ète), tangible; (→ evidence) tangible;

∎ the hard fact is that there isn't enough money la vérité, c'est qu'il n'y a pas assez d'argent;

∎ the argument was not backed up by any hard fact l'argument ne s'appuyait sur rien de concret

(e) (strenuous)

∎ it's been a long hard day la journée a été longue;

∎ it's hard work c'est dur;

∎ it was hard work to convince him j'ai eu fort à faire pour le convaincre;

∎ she's hard work (difficult to get on with) elle n'est pas facile à vivre; (difficult to make conversation with) elle n'est pas causante;

∎ she's not afraid of hard work le travail ne lui fait pas peur;

∎ the climb was hard going la montée était rude;

∎ it's hard going making conversation with him c'est difficile de discuter avec lui

(f) (intense)

∎ she's a hard worker c'est un bourreau de travail;

∎ he's a hard drinker c'est un gros buveur, il boit beaucoup;

∎ he's a hard charger c'est un fonceur;

∎ give it a good hard shove pousse-le un bon coup, pousse-le fort

(g) Finance (stock, rates) soutenu, ferme

(h) Linguistics (consonant) dur

2 adverb

(a) (strenuously → pull, push, hit, breathe) fort; (→ work) dur; (→ run) à toutes jambes; (→ listen) attentivement;

∎ to work hard at sth beaucoup travailler qch;

∎ to work hard at improving one's service/French beaucoup travailler pour améliorer son service/français;

∎ to work sb hard faire travailler qn dur;

∎ he works hard and plays hard il se dépense beaucoup dans son travail et dans ses loisirs;

∎ you'll have to try harder il faudra que tu fasses plus d'efforts;

∎ to try hard to do sth essayer de son mieux de faire qch;

∎ try hard! fais de ton mieux!;

∎ to think hard beaucoup réfléchir;

∎ think hard! réfléchis bien!;

∎ think harder! réfléchis un peu plus!;

∎ we can't find it - well, look harder! nous ne le trouvons pas - et bien cherchez mieux!;

∎ you didn't look very hard! tu n'as pas bien cherché;

∎ to look hard at sb regarder qn bien en face;

∎ to look hard at sth examiner qch;

∎ as hard as possible, as hard as one can (work, try) le plus qu'on peut; (push, hit, squeeze) de toutes ses forces;

∎ Nautical hard astern! arrière, toute!;

∎ Cars she hauled the wheel hard over elle a braqué à fond;

∎ Cars to turn hard to the left braquer à gauche, faire un virage très sec vers la gauche;

∎ to swim hard for the shore nager de toutes ses forces vers le rivage;

∎ British they're hard at it (working) ils sont plongés dans leur travail

(b) (with difficulty) difficilement;

∎ to be hard put or pushed or pressed to do sth avoir du mal à faire qch;

∎ you'll be hard put to find a shop open at this time tu vas avoir du mal à trouver une boutique ouverte à cette heure-ci;

∎ old habits die hard les vieilles habitudes ont la vie dure

(c) (harshly, severely → treat someone) durement, sévèrement; (→ rain) à verse; (→ freeze, snow) fort;

∎ he's feeling hard done by il a l'impression d'avoir été injustement traité;

∎ to be hard hit by sth être durement touché par qch;

∎ she took the news/his death pretty hard la nouvelle/sa mort l'a beaucoup éprouvée;

∎ old-fashioned it'll go hard with him if he keeps telling lies ça va aller mal pour lui s'il continue à raconter des mensonges

(d) (solid)

∎ the ground was frozen hard le gel avait complètement durci la terre;

∎ to set hard (concrete, mortar) prendre

(e) (close)

∎ to follow hard on the heels of sb être sur les talons de qn;

∎ to follow or to come hard on the heels of sth suivre qch de très près

(f) familiar (idiom)

∎ hard up (short of money) fauché, à sec;

∎ to be hard up for ideas manquer d'idées^□, être à court d'idées^□ ;

∎ to be hard up for volunteers manquer de volontaires^□ ;

∎ figurative you must be hard up if you're going out with him! il faut vraiment que tu n'aies rien à te mettre sous la dent pour sortir avec lui!

3 noun

∎ to try one's hardest faire de son mieux

4 hard by preposition

old-fashioned tout près de

►► Typography & Computing hard carriage return retour m chariot obligatoire;

familiar hard case (person) dur(e) m,f à cuire;

hard cash (argent m) liquide m;

American hard cider cidre m;

hard coal anthracite m;

Finance hard commodities minerais mpl;

Linguistics hard consonant consonne f dure;

Computing hard copy copie f sur papier, sortie f papier;

hard core (nucleus) noyau m dur; Building industry empierrement m; Music hard rock m inv, hard m inv; (pornography) porno m hard;

British Sport hard court (for tennis) court m en ciment;

hard currency monnaie f ou devise f forte;

∎ a hard currency shop un magasin où on paye en devises;

Computing hard disk disque m dur;

Computing hard disk drive, hard drive unité f de disque dur;

hard drug drogue f dure;

Horseriding hard gallop galop m soutenu;

hard hat (of construction worker) casque m; American familiar (construction worker) ouvrier(ère) m,f du bâtiment;

hard hat area = zone où le port du casque est obligatoire;

∎ hard hat area (sign) port du casque obligatoire;

Typography & Computing hard hyphen césure f imposée, trait m d'union imposé;

hard labour (UNCOUNT) travaux mpl forcés;

hard landing (by spacecraft) atterrissage m avec impact; figurative (during economic crisis) atterrissage m brutal;

Metallurgy hard lead plomb m aigre;

Politics the hard left l'extrême gauche;

hard line ligne f de conduite dure;

∎ to take a hard line on sb/sth adopter une ligne de conduite dure avec qn/sur qch;

hard liquor spiritueux mpl;

Finance hard loan prêt m aux conditions du marché;

Press hard news nouvelles fpl sûres ou vérifiées;

Veterinary medicine hard pad coussinet m dur;

Typography & Computing hard page break fin f de page obligatoire;

Anatomy hard palate voûte f du palais, palais m dur;

hard porn porno m hard, hard m inv;

Computing hard reset réinitialisation f totale de la machine;

Typography & Computing hard return saut m de ligne manuel;

Politics the hard right l'extrême droit;

Music hard rock hard rock m inv, hard m inv; esp American Cookery hard sauce = sauce au beurre, au sucre et au brandy ou au rhum servie avec le pudding;

hard science science f dure;

hard sell vente f agressive;

∎ to give sth the hard sell promouvoir qch de façon agressive;

∎ the salesman gave us the hard sell le vendeur a essayé de nous forcer la main;

hard sell approach, hard sell tactics méthode f de vente agressive;

Cars hard shoulder bande f d'arrêt d'urgence;

hard space espace m insécable;

hard water eau f calcaire ou dure

✾ Book 'Hard Times' Dickens 'Les Temps difficiles'

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > hard
9 home

1. noun
1) Heim, das; (flat) Wohnung, die; (house) Haus, das; (household) [Eltern]haus, das

my home is in Leeds — ich bin in Leeds zu Hause od. wohne in Leeds

a home of one's own — ein eigenes Zuhause

leave/have left home — aus dem Haus gehen/sein

live at home — im Elternhaus wohnen

they had no home/homes [of their own] — sie hatten kein Zuhause

at home — zu Hause; (not abroad) im Inland

be/feel at home — (fig.) sich wohl fühlen

make somebody feel at home — es jemandem behaglich machen

make yourself at home — fühl dich wie zu Hause

he is quite at home in French — er ist im Französischen ganz gut zu Hause

home from home — zweites Zuhause

2) (fig.)

to take an example nearer home,... — um ein Beispiel zu nehmen, das uns näher liegt,...

3) (native country) die Heimat

at home — zu Hause; in der Heimat

4) (institution) Heim, das; (coll.): (mental home) Anstalt, die (salopp)
2. adjective
1) (connected with home) Haus-; Haushalts[gerät usw.]

2) (done at home) häuslich; Selbst[backen, homebrauen usw.]

3) (in the neighbourhood of home) nahe gelegen

4) (Sport) Heim[spiel, -sieg, -mannschaft]; [Anhänger, Spieler] der Heimmannschaft

home ground — eigener Platz

5) (not foreign) [ein]heimisch; inländisch
3. adverb
1) (to home) nach Hause

on one's way home — auf dem Weg nach Hause od. Nachhauseweg

he takes home £200 a week after tax — er verdient 200 Pfund netto in der Woche

nothing to write home about — (coll.) nichts Besonderes od. Aufregendes

2) (arrived at home) zu Hause

be home and dry — (fig.) aus dem Schneider sein (ugs.)

3) (as far as possible)

push home — [ganz] hineinschieben [Schublade]; ausnutzen [Vorteil]

press home — [ganz] hinunterdrücken [Hebel]; forcieren [Angriff]; [voll] ausnutzen [Vorteil]

drive home — [ganz] einschlagen [Nagel]

4)

come or get home to somebody — (become fully realized) jemandem in vollem Ausmaß bewusst werden; see also academic.ru/62935/roost">roost 1.
4. intransitive verb
1) [Vogel usw.:] zurückkehren

2) (be guided)

these missiles home [in] on their targets — diese Flugkörper suchen sich (Dat.) ihr Ziel

3)

home in/on something — (fig.) etwas herausgreifen

* * *
[həum] 1. noun
1) (the house, town, country etc where a person etc usually lives: I work in London but my home is in Bournemouth; When I retire, I'll make my home in Bournemouth; Africa is the home of the lion; We'll have to find a home for the kitten.) die Heimat

2) (the place from which a person, thing etc comes originally: America is the home of jazz.) die Heimat

3) (a place where children without parents, old people, people who are ill etc live and are looked after: an old folk's home; a nursing home.) das Heim

4) (a place where people stay while they are working: a nurses' home.) das Heim

5) (a house: Crumpy Construction build fine homes for fine people; He invited me round to his home.) die Wohnung
2. adjective
1) (of a person's home or family: home comforts.) häuslich

2) (of the country etc where a person lives: home produce.) einheimisch

3) ((in football) playing or played on a team's own ground: the home team; a home game.) Heim-...
3. adverb
1) (to a person's home: I'm going home now; Hallo - I'm home!) nach, zu Hause

2) (completely; to the place, position etc a thing is intended to be: He drove the nail home; Few of his punches went home; These photographs of the war brought home to me the suffering of the soldiers.) bis ans Ziel, jemandem etwas klarmachen

•

- homeless
- homely
- homeliness
- homing
- home-coming
- home-grown
- homeland
- home-made
- home rule
- homesick
- homesickness
- homestead
- home truth
- homeward
- homewards
- homeward
- homework
- at home
- be/feel at home
- home in on
- leave home
- make oneself at home
- nothing to write home about
* * *

home

[həʊm, AM hoʊm]

I. n

1. (abode) Zuhause nt

haven't you got a \home to go to? ( iron) hast du [denn] kein Zuhause? iron

away from \home auswärts

to be away from \home von zu Hause weg sein

to come straight from \home direkt von zu Hause kommen

to be a \home from [or AM, AUS away from] \home ein zweites Zuhause sein

to be \home to sb/sth:

the city is \home to about 700 refugees in der Stadt wohnen ca. 700 Flüchtlinge

the museum is \home to a large collection of manuscripts das Museum besitzt eine große Manuskriptensammlung

to be not at \home to sb für jdn nicht zu sprechen sein

to give sb/an animal a \home jdm/einem Tier ein Zuhause geben

to leave \home ausziehen; child das Elternhaus verlassen, von zu Hause ausziehen

to make a country/town one's \home sich in einer Stadt/einem Land niederlassen

to make oneself at \home es sich dat gemütlich machen

to set up \home sich akk häuslich niederlassen

to work from \home zu Hause [o von zu Hause aus] arbeiten

at \home, in one's [own] \home, in the \home zu Hause, zuhause ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ

2. (house) Haus nt; (flat) Wohnung f

luxury \home Luxusheim nt

starter \home erstes eigenes Heim

to move \home umziehen

3. (family) Zuhause nt kein pl

to come from a broken \home aus zerrütteten Familienverhältnissen stammen, aus einem kaputten Zuhause kommen fam

to come from a good \home aus gutem Hause kommen geh

happy \home glückliches Zuhause

4. (institute) Heim nt

old people's \home Altersheim nt

5. (place of origin) Heimat f; (of people also) Zuhause nt kein pl

England feels like \home to me now ich fühle mich inzwischen in England zu Hause

at \home in der Heimat, zu Hause

at \home and abroad im In- und Ausland

6. SPORT (home ground)

to loose/win away from \home auswärts verlieren/gewinnen

to play at \home zu Hause spielen

7. (finish) Ziel nt

8. (win) Heimsieg m

9. no pl COMPUT (for the cursor) Ausgangsstellung f; (on the key)

“\home” „Pos. 1“

10.

▶ who's he/she when he's/she's at \home? ( fam) wer, bitteschön, ist er/sie [denn] überhaupt?

▶ charity begins at \home ( prov) man muss zuerst an die eigene Familie denken

▶ to be close [or near] to \home:

that remark was close to \home das hat richtig gesessen fam

▶ to eat sb out of house and \home ( fam) jdm die Haare vom Kopf fressen fam

▶ an Englishman's \home is his castle ( prov) dem Engländer bedeutet sein Zuhause sehr viel

▶ to be [or feel] at \home with sb sich akk bei jdm wohl fühlen

▶ \home is where the heart is ( prov) Zuhause ist, wo das Herz zu Hause ist

▶ there's no place like \home ( prov) daheim ist's doch am schönsten

▶ \home sweet \home ( saying) trautes Heim, Glück allein

II. adv inv

1. (at one's abode) zu Hause, zuhause ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ, daheim bes SÜDD, ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ; (to one's abode) nach Hause, nachhause ÖSTERR, SCHWEIZ

are you \home this afternoon? bist du heute Nachmittag zu Hause?

hello! I'm \home! hallo! ich bin wieder da!

on my way \home auf dem Nachhauseweg

to come/go \home nach Hause kommen/gehen

2. (to one's origin)

to go/return \home in seine Heimat zurückgehen/zurückkehren

to send sb \home jdn zurück in die [o seine] Heimat schicken

3. (to sb's understanding)

the danger really came \home to me when I... die Gefahr wurde mir erst richtig bewusst, als ich...

to bring sth \home [to sb] [jdm] etw klarmachen

to drive [or hammer] [or ram] it \home that... unmissverständlich klarmachen, dass...

she really drove \home the message that we need to economize sie machte uns unmissverständlich klar, dass wir sparen müssen

sth hit [or went] \home etw hat gesessen fam

her remarks really hit \home ihre Bemerkungen haben echt gesessen! fam

to push [or press] \home ⇆ sth etw dat [besonderen] Nachdruck verleihen

4. (to a larger extent)

she pressed \home her attack on his bishop sie verstärkte den Angriff auf seinen Läufer

to push \home an advantage [or an advantage \home] einen Vorteil ausnutzen

5. (to its final position)

to push the bolt \home den Türriegel vorschieben

to hit [or strike] \home missile das Ziel treffen

to press/screw sth \home etw gut festdrücken/festschrauben

6. SPORT (finish)

to get \home das Ziel erreichen

7.

▶ to bring \home the bacon ( fam) die Brötchen verdienen fam

▶ until [or till] the cows come \home ( fam) bis in alle Ewigkeit

I could drink this wine till the cows come \home diesen Wein könnte ich endlos weitertrinken fam

▶ to be \home and dry [or AUS hosed], AM to be \home free seine Schäfchen ins Trockene gebracht haben fig fam

▶ it's nothing to write \home about es ist nicht gerade umwerfend [o haut einen nicht gerade vom Hocker] fam

▶ \home, James[, and don't spare the horses]! ( dated or hum) so schnell wie nur möglich nach Hause!

III. vi ( fam)

1. (find its aim) [selbstständig] sein Ziel finden; (move) sein Ziel ansteuern

▪ to \home in on sth (find its aim) sich [selbstständig] auf etw akk ausrichten; (move) genau auf etw akk zusteuern

2. (focus)

▪ to \home in on sth [sich dat] etw herausgreifen

* * *
[həʊm]
1. n

1) (= where one lives) Zuhause nt, Heim nt; (= house) Haus nt; (= country, area etc) Heimat f

a loving/good home — ein liebevolles/gutes Zuhause

gifts for the home — Geschenke pl für das Haus or die Wohnung

a useful gadget to have in your home — ein sehr praktisches Gerät für den Haushalt

his home is in Brussels — er ist in Brüssel zu Hause

Bournemouth is his second home — Bournemouth ist seine zweite Heimat (geworden)

haven't you got a home to go to? — hast du kein Zuhause?

he invited us round to his home — er hat uns zu sich (nach Hause) eingeladen

away from home — von zu Hause weg

a long way from home — weit von zu Hause weg or entfernt; (in different country also) weit von der Heimat entfernt

to live away from home — nicht zu Hause wohnen

he worked away from home — er hat auswärts gearbeitet

let's concentrate on problems closer to home — wir sollten uns auf unsere eigenen Probleme konzentrieren

to have a home of one's own — ein eigenes Heim or Zuhause haben

to find a home for sb/an animal — ein Zuhause für jdn/ein Tier finden

does this hammer have a home? (hum) —

I'll give that picture a home — bei mir wird das Bild einen guten Platz finden or haben

it's a home from home — es ist wie zu Hause

at home — zu Hause; (Comm) im Inland; (Sport) auf eigenem Platz

the next match will be at home —

Miss Hooper is not at home today Miss Hooper is not at home to anyone today — Frau Hooper ist heute nicht zu Hause or nicht da Frau Hooper ist heute für niemanden zu Hause or zu sprechen

who's he when he's at home? (inf) — wer in aller Welt ist er?

to be or feel at home with sb — sich in jds Gegenwart (dat) wohlfühlen

he doesn't feel at home with English — er fühlt sich im Englischen nicht sicher or zu Hause

I don't feel at home with this new theory yet — ich komme mit dieser neuen Theorie noch nicht ganz zurecht

to make oneself at home — es sich (dat) gemütlich or bequem machen

to make sb feel at home — es jdm gemütlich machen

to leave home — von zu Hause weggehen

Scotland is the home of the haggis — Schottland ist die Heimat des Haggis, das Haggis ist in Schottland zu Hause

the city/this building is home to some 1,500 students — in dieser Stadt/diesem Gebäude wohnen etwa 1.500 Studenten or sind etwa 1.500 Studenten zu Hause

there's no place like home (Prov) — daheim ist daheim (prov), eigener Herd ist Goldes wert (Prov)

home sweet home (Prov) — trautes Heim, Glück allein (Prov)

2) (= institution) Heim nt; (for orphans) Waisenhaus nt, Heim nt; (for blind) Heim nt, Anstalt f → nursing home

See:

→ nursing home

3) (ZOOL, BOT) Heimat f

4) (SPORT) (= base) Mal nt; (RACING) Ziel nt

2. adv

1) (position) zu Hause, zuhause (Aus, Sw), daheim; (with verb of motion) nach Hause, nachhause (Aus, Sw), heim

to go home (to house) — nach Hause or (Aus, Sw) nachhause gehen/fahren; (to country) heimfahren

on the way home —

the first runner home — der Erste, der durchs Ziel geht

the first runner home was Fred — Fred ging als Erster durchs Ziel

to get home — nach Hause or (Aus, Sw) nachhause kommen, heimkommen; (in race) durchs Ziel gehen

I have to get home before ten — ich muss vor zehn zu Hause or (Aus, Sw) zuhause or daheim sein

to return home from abroad — aus dem Ausland zurückkommen

2)

(= to the mark) to drive a nail home — einen Nagel einschlagen

he nudged the ball home (Ftbl) — er schob den Ball ins Tor

to bring or get sth home to sb — jdm etw klarmachen or beibringen

it came home to him that... — es wurde ihm klar, dass...

to strike home (torpedo etc) — treffen; ( fig : remark ) ins Schwarze treffen, sitzen (inf)

See:

→ drive home, hammer home, hit, press, push

3. vi
(pigeons) heimkehren
* * *

home [həʊm]

A s

1. Heim n:

a) Haus n, (eigene) Wohnung

b) Zuhause n, Daheim n

c) Elternhaus n:

at home zu Hause, daheim (beide, auch SPORT)( → A 2);

at home in ( oder on, with) zu Hause in (einem Fachgebiet etc), bewandert in (dat), vertraut mit;

be at home in London in London zu Hause sein;

not be at home (to sb) nicht zu sprechen sein (für jemanden);

feel at home sich wie zu Hause fühlen;

make o.s. at home es sich bequem machen; tun, als ob man zu Hause wäre;

he made his home at er ließ sich in (dat) nieder;

leave home von zu Hause fortgehen;

work from home von zu Hause aus arbeiten;

away from home abwesend, verreist, besonders SPORT auswärts;

a home from home, US a home away from home ein Ort, an dem man sich wie zu Hause fühlt;

pleasures of home häusliche Freuden

2. Heimat f ( auch BOT, ZOOL und fig), Geburts-, Vaterland n:

the US is the home of baseball die USA sind die Heimat des Baseball;

at home

a) im Lande, in der Heimat,

b) im Inland, daheim,

c) im (englischen) Mutterland ( → A 1);

at home and abroad im In- und Ausland;

Paris is his second home Paris ist seine zweite Heimat;

a letter from home ein Brief aus der Heimat oder von zu Hause

3. (ständiger oder jetziger) Wohnort, Heimatort m:

he has made London his home er hat sich in London niedergelassen

4. Zufluchtsort m:

last ( oder long) home letzte Ruhestätte

5. Heim n:

home for the aged Alters-, Altenheim;

home for the blind Blindenheim, -anstalt f; → children, orphan A

6. SPORT Ziel n

7. SPORT

a) Heimspiel n

b) Heimsieg m

B adj

1. Heim…:

a) häuslich

b) zu Haus ausgeübt:

home banking COMPUT etc Homebanking n (Abwicklung von Bankgeschäften von zu Hause aus);

home circle Familienkreis m;

home computer Homecomputer m (kleinerer Computer für den häuslichen Anwendungsbereich);

home cooking das Kochen zu Hause;

home difficulties häusliche Schwierigkeiten;

home life häusliches Leben, Familienleben n;

home mechanic Bastler(in), Heimwerker(in);

home remedy Hausmittel n

2. Heimat…:

home city;

home port;

home address Heimat- oder Privatanschrift f;

home fleet SCHIFF Flotte f in Heimatgewässern;

home forces MIL im Heimatland stationierte Streitkräfte;

home waters SCHIFF heimatliche Gewässer

3. einheimisch, inländisch, Inlands…, Binnen…:

home affairs POL innere Angelegenheiten, Innenpolitik f;

home demand WIRTSCH Inlandsbedarf m;

home market WIRTSCH Inlands-, Binnenmarkt m;

home trade WIRTSCH Binnenhandel m

4. SPORT

a) Heim…:

home advantage (defeat, game, team, win, etc);

home record Heimbilanz f;

home strength Heimstärke f;

home weakness Heimschwäche f

b) Ziel…: → home straight

5. TECH Normal…:

home position

6. Rück…:

home freight

7. a) gezielt, wirkungsvoll (Schlag etc)

b) fig treffend, beißend (Bemerkung etc):

home question gezielte oder peinliche Frage; → home thrust, home truth

C adv

1. heim, nach Hause:

the way home der Heimweg;

go home heimgehen, nach Hause gehen ( → C 3);

take home netto verdienen oder bekommen;

that’s nothing to write home about umg das ist nichts Besonderes oder nicht so toll oder nicht gerade berauschend, darauf brauchst du dir nichts einzubilden; → come home, get C 1

2. zu Hause, daheim:

welcome home!;

be home and dry Br umg

a) in Sicherheit sein,

b) hundertprozentig sicher sein

3. fig

a) ins Ziel oder Schwarze

b) im Ziel, im Schwarzen

c) bis zum Ausgangspunkt

d) so weit wie möglich, ganz:

bring ( oder drive) sth home to sb jemandem etwas klarmachen oder beibringen oder zum Bewusstsein bringen oder vor Augen führen;

bring a charge home to sb jemanden überführen;

drive a nail home einen Nagel fest einschlagen;

go ( oder get, strike) home sitzen umg, treffen, seine Wirkung tun ( → C 1);

the thrust went home der Hieb saß

D v/i

1. besonders ZOOL zurückkehren

2. FLUG

a) (mittels Leitstrahl) das Ziel anfliegen:

home on ( oder in) a beam einem Leitstrahl folgen

b) automatisch auf ein Ziel zusteuern (Rakete):

home in on ein Ziel automatisch ansteuern, fig sich sofort etwas herausgreifen

E v/t ein Flugzeug (mittels Radar) einweisen, herunterholen umg

* * *
1. noun
1) Heim, das; (flat) Wohnung, die; (house) Haus, das; (household) [Eltern]haus, das

my home is in Leeds — ich bin in Leeds zu Hause od. wohne in Leeds

a home of one's own — ein eigenes Zuhause

leave/have left home — aus dem Haus gehen/sein

live at home — im Elternhaus wohnen

they had no home/homes [of their own] — sie hatten kein Zuhause

at home — zu Hause; (not abroad) im Inland

be/feel at home — (fig.) sich wohl fühlen

make somebody feel at home — es jemandem behaglich machen

make yourself at home — fühl dich wie zu Hause

he is quite at home in French — er ist im Französischen ganz gut zu Hause

home from home — zweites Zuhause

2) (fig.)

to take an example nearer home,... — um ein Beispiel zu nehmen, das uns näher liegt,...

3) (native country) die Heimat

at home — zu Hause; in der Heimat

4) (institution) Heim, das; (coll.): (mental home) Anstalt, die (salopp)
2. adjective
1) (connected with home) Haus-; Haushalts[gerät usw.]

2) (done at home) häuslich; Selbst[backen, homebrauen usw.]

3) (in the neighbourhood of home) nahe gelegen

4) (Sport) Heim[spiel, -sieg, -mannschaft]; [Anhänger, Spieler] der Heimmannschaft

home ground — eigener Platz

5) (not foreign) [ein]heimisch; inländisch
3. adverb
1) (to home) nach Hause

on one's way home — auf dem Weg nach Hause od. Nachhauseweg

he takes home £200 a week after tax — er verdient 200 Pfund netto in der Woche

nothing to write home about — (coll.) nichts Besonderes od. Aufregendes

2) (arrived at home) zu Hause

be home and dry — (fig.) aus dem Schneider sein (ugs.)

3) (as far as possible)

push home — [ganz] hineinschieben [Schublade]; ausnutzen [Vorteil]

press home — [ganz] hinunterdrücken [Hebel]; forcieren [Angriff]; [voll] ausnutzen [Vorteil]

drive home — [ganz] einschlagen [Nagel]

4)

come or get home to somebody — (become fully realized) jemandem in vollem Ausmaß bewusst werden; see also roost 1.
4. intransitive verb
1) [Vogel usw.:] zurückkehren

2) (be guided)

these missiles home [in] on their targets — diese Flugkörper suchen sich (Dat.) ihr Ziel

3)

home in/on something — (fig.) etwas herausgreifen

* * *

adj.

heimwärts adj.

nach Hause ausdr. adv.

nach Hause ausdr. n.

Haus Häuser n.

Heim -e n.

Zuhause n.

English-german dictionary > home
10 formar

v.

1 to form.

Sus manos formaron bolitas Her hands formed little balls.

formar una bola con algo to make something into a ball

formar un equipo to make up a team

formar una asociación cultural to set up a cultural organization

formar parte de to form o be part of

forma parte del equipo she's a member of the team

2 to train, to educate.

Los maestros forman a los alumnos The teachers educated the students.

3 to form up (military).

4 to fall in (military).

¡a formar! fall in!

5 to instruct, to shape.

El entrenador formó a los jugadores The coach instructed the players.

* * *

formar

► verbo transitivo

1 (gen) to form

2 (integrar, constituir) to form, constitute

■ formar parte de algo to be a part of something

3 (educar) to bring up

4 (enseñar) to educate

► verbo intransitivo

1 MILITAR (colocarse) to form up

► verbo pronominal formarse

1 (desarrollarse) to grow, develop

2 (educarse) to be educated, be trained

\

FRASEOLOGÍA

¡a formar! MILITAR fall in!

* * *

verb

1) to form

2) educate, train

3) constitute

•

- formarse

* * *

1. VT

1) [+ figura] to form, make

los barracones se disponen formando un cuadrado — the barrack huts are arranged forming o making a square

los curiosos formaron un círculo a su alrededor — the onlookers formed o made a circle around him

2) (=crear) [+ organización, partido, alianza] to form

las personas interesadas en formar un club — people interested in forming a club

formar gobierno — to form a government

¿cómo se forma el subjuntivo? — how do you form the subjunctive?

quieren casarse y formar una familia — they want to get married and start a family

3) (=constituir) to make up

los chiitas forman el 60% de la población — the Shiites make up o form 60% of the population

la plantilla la forman 94 bomberos — there are 94 firefighters on the staff

las dos juntas formaban un dúo de humoristas insuperable — the two of them together made an unbeatable comedy duo

formamos un buen equipo — we make a good team

formar equipo con algn — to join forces with sb

• estar formado por — to be made up of

la asociación está formada por parados y amas de casa — the association is made up of unemployed and housewives

• formar parte de — to be part of

nuestros soldados formarán parte de las tropas de paz — our soldiers will be part of the peace-keeping force

el edificio forma parte del recinto de la catedral — the building is o forms part of the cathedral precinct

sus obras no formarán parte de la colección — his works will not be part of the collection

4) (=enseñar) [+ personal, monitor, técnico] to train; [+ alumno] to educate

5) [+ juicio, opinión] to form

6) (Mil) to order to fall in

el sargento formó a los reclutas — the sergeant had the recruits fall in, the sergeant ordered the recruits to fall in

2. VI

1) (Mil) to fall in

¡a formar! — fall in!

2) (Dep) to line up

los equipos formaron así:... — the teams lined up as follows:...

3.

See:

formarse

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) personas <círculo/figura> to make, form; <asociación/gobierno> to form, set up; barricada to set up

formen parejas — ( en clase) get into pairs o twos; ( en baile) take your partners

b) (Ling) to form

c) (Mil) < tropas> to have... fall in

2) ( componer) to make up

formar parte de algo — to be part of something, to belong to something

está formada por tres provincias — it is made up of o it comprises three provinces

forman un ángulo recto — they form o make a right angle

3) <carácter/espíritu> to form, shape

4) ( educar) to bring up; ( para trabajo) to train
2.
formar vi (Mil) to fall in

a formar! — fall in!
3.
formarse v pron

1)

a) (hacerse, crearse) to form

se formó una cola — a line (AmE) o (BrE) queue formed

b) ( desarrollarse) niño/huesos to develop

c) <idea/opinión> to form

se ha formado una impresión errónea — he has got the wrong impression

2) ( educarse) to be educated

* * *

= fall into, form, make up, train, coach, make, populate, pull together, groom.

Ex. Certain words may fall into a short list of 35 common words such as analysis, which do not give rise to inversion within the cross-reference.

Ex. Formed in 1969, the first operational system was implemented in 1972-3.

Ex. Each volume is make up of several issues which appear in the next lower level.

Ex. The larger abstracting organisations train their own abstractors.

Ex. The rapidly changing environment is forcing many librarians to seek new strategies for coaching researchers through the maze of electronic information sources = Los continuos cambios de nuestro entorno están obligando a muchos bibliotecarios a encontrar nuevas estrategias para guiar a los investigadores por el laberinto de las fuentes de información electrónicas.

Ex. This concept comes mainly from the military, where a designated number of troops make a squad, a platoon, a regiment, etc..

Ex. One way librarians can add value is by carefully selecting, evaluating, and describing the resources that populate their Internet collections.

Ex. This library decided to launch an attack on illiteracy by pulling together a variety of approaches to learning to read.

Ex. Iran is trying to form an unholy alliance with al-Qaeda by grooming a new generation of leaders to take over from Osama bin Laden.

----

* a medio formar = half-formed.

* entrar a formar parte de = enter in.

* formado por británicos = British-trained.

* formar el núcleo = form + the nucleus.

* formar en su conjunto = weave + to form.

* formar fila = line up.

* formar la base = form + the foundation.

* formar la base de = form + the basis of.

* formar parejas = pair up, pair off.

* formar parte = form + part.

* formar parte de = be part of, build into, enter into, become + (a) part of, be a part of, inhere in, become + one with, inform, fall under.

* formar parte del paisaje = blend into + the landscape.

* formar parte de un comité = serve on + committee.

* formar parte integral = form + an integral part.

* formar parte integral de = be part and parcel of, be an integral part of.

* formar parte natural de su entorno = blend into + the landscape.

* formar personal = produce + personnel.

* formar remolinos = swirl.

* formarse = shape up.

* formarse una opinión = form + impression.

* formar una cola = form + queue.

* formar una colección = build + collection.

* formar un comité = set up + committee.

* formar un consorcio = form + consortium.

* formar un grupo = set up + group.

* formar un grupo de presión = form + lobby.

* formar un piquete frente a = picket.

* integrar formando un todo = articulate.

* llamamiento para formar parte de un jurado = jury duty.

* piedra + charca + formar + ondas = stone + pond + cast + ripples.

* que forma parte de la cultura = culturally-embedded.

* que forma parte en = involved in.

* seda formando aguas = watered silk.

* volver a formarse = reform.

* * *
1.
verbo transitivo

1)

a) personas <círculo/figura> to make, form; <asociación/gobierno> to form, set up; barricada to set up

formen parejas — ( en clase) get into pairs o twos; ( en baile) take your partners

b) (Ling) to form

c) (Mil) < tropas> to have... fall in

2) ( componer) to make up

formar parte de algo — to be part of something, to belong to something

está formada por tres provincias — it is made up of o it comprises three provinces

forman un ángulo recto — they form o make a right angle

3) <carácter/espíritu> to form, shape

4) ( educar) to bring up; ( para trabajo) to train
2.
formar vi (Mil) to fall in

a formar! — fall in!
3.
formarse v pron

1)

a) (hacerse, crearse) to form

se formó una cola — a line (AmE) o (BrE) queue formed

b) ( desarrollarse) niño/huesos to develop

c) <idea/opinión> to form

se ha formado una impresión errónea — he has got the wrong impression

2) ( educarse) to be educated

* * *

= fall into, form, make up, train, coach, make, populate, pull together, groom.

Ex: Certain words may fall into a short list of 35 common words such as analysis, which do not give rise to inversion within the cross-reference.

Ex: Formed in 1969, the first operational system was implemented in 1972-3.

Ex: Each volume is make up of several issues which appear in the next lower level.

Ex: The larger abstracting organisations train their own abstractors.

Ex: The rapidly changing environment is forcing many librarians to seek new strategies for coaching researchers through the maze of electronic information sources = Los continuos cambios de nuestro entorno están obligando a muchos bibliotecarios a encontrar nuevas estrategias para guiar a los investigadores por el laberinto de las fuentes de información electrónicas.

Ex: This concept comes mainly from the military, where a designated number of troops make a squad, a platoon, a regiment, etc..

Ex: One way librarians can add value is by carefully selecting, evaluating, and describing the resources that populate their Internet collections.

Ex: This library decided to launch an attack on illiteracy by pulling together a variety of approaches to learning to read.

Ex: Iran is trying to form an unholy alliance with al-Qaeda by grooming a new generation of leaders to take over from Osama bin Laden.

* a medio formar = half-formed.

* entrar a formar parte de = enter in.

* formado por británicos = British-trained.

* formar el núcleo = form + the nucleus.

* formar en su conjunto = weave + to form.

* formar fila = line up.

* formar la base = form + the foundation.

* formar la base de = form + the basis of.

* formar parejas = pair up, pair off.

* formar parte = form + part.

* formar parte de = be part of, build into, enter into, become + (a) part of, be a part of, inhere in, become + one with, inform, fall under.

* formar parte del paisaje = blend into + the landscape.

* formar parte de un comité = serve on + committee.

* formar parte integral = form + an integral part.

* formar parte integral de = be part and parcel of, be an integral part of.

* formar parte natural de su entorno = blend into + the landscape.

* formar personal = produce + personnel.

* formar remolinos = swirl.

* formarse = shape up.

* formarse una opinión = form + impression.

* formar una cola = form + queue.

* formar una colección = build + collection.

* formar un comité = set up + committee.

* formar un consorcio = form + consortium.

* formar un grupo = set up + group.

* formar un grupo de presión = form + lobby.

* formar un piquete frente a = picket.

* integrar formando un todo = articulate.

* llamamiento para formar parte de un jurado = jury duty.

* piedra + charca + formar + ondas = stone + pond + cast + ripples.

* que forma parte de la cultura = culturally-embedded.

* que forma parte en = involved in.

* seda formando aguas = watered silk.

* volver a formarse = reform.

* * *

formar [A1 ]

vt

A

1 «personas» ‹círculo/figura› to make, form; ‹asociación› to form, set up

formen fila a la entrada, por favor form a line o ( BrE) queue at the entrance, please

los estudiantes formaron barricadas the students set up barricades

formar parejas (en una clase) get into pairs o twos; (en un baile) take your partners

formar gobierno to form a government

el partido se formó a principios de siglo the party came into being o was formed at the turn of the century

se formaron varios comandos terroristas en la zona several terrorist cells were established in the area

2 ( Ling) to form

palabras que forman el plural añadiendo una `s' words which form the plural by adding an `s'

3 ( Mil) ‹tropas› to have … fall in, order … to fall in

B (componer) to make up

está formada por tres provincias it is made up of o it comprises three provinces

al juntarse forman un ángulo recto they form o make a right angle where they meet

las distintas partes forman un todo indivisible the separate elements make up o form an indivisible whole

el jurado está formado por nueve personas the jury is made up of nine people

C ‹carácter/espíritu› to form, shape

■ formar

vi

to fall in

batallón: ¡a formar! squad, fall in!

■ formarse

v pron

A

1 (hacerse, crearse) to form

se ha formado hielo en las carreteras ice has formed on the roads

se formó una cola de varios kilómetros a tailback several kilometers long built up

2 (desarrollarse) «niño/huesos» to develop

3 (forjarse) to form

formarse una idea/opinión to form an idea/opinion

creo que se ha formado una impresión errónea I think he has got the wrong impression

B (educarse) to be educated

* * *

formar ( conjugate formar) verbo transitivo
1
a) ( crear) ‹círculo/figura› to make, form;

‹asociación/gobierno› to form, set up;
‹ barricada› to set up;
◊ ¡formen parejas! ( en clase) get into pairs o twos!;

( en baile) take your partners!
b) (Ling) to form

c) (Mil) ‹ tropas› to have … fall in

2 ( componer) to make up;
◊ un equipo formado por cinco personas a team made up of five people;

formar parte de algo to be part of sth, to belong to sth
3 ‹carácter/espíritu› to form, shape
4 ( educar) to bring up;
( para trabajo) to train
verbo intransitivo (Mil) to fall in
formarse verbo pronominal
1
a) (hacerse, crearse) [grupo/organismo] to form;

◊ se formó una cola a line (AmE) o (BrE) queue formed

b) ( desarrollarse) [niño/huesos] to develop

c) ‹idea/opinión› to form

2 ( educarse) to be educated;
( para trabajo) to be trained
formar verbo transitivo
1 to form
2 (criar) to bring up
(instruir) to educate, train
' formar' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
adherirse
- agruparse
- componer
- constituir
- correligionaria
- correligionario
- integrar
- piña
- sindicar
- a
- abultar
- agrupar
- capacitar
- emparejar
- hogar
- pareja
- parte
- pertenecer
- sindicalizarse
English:
coalition
- come under
- do
- form
- marshal
- more
- most
- pair up
- preclude
- shall
- shape
- should
- split off
- to
- train
- will
- arch
- co-opt
- draw
- eddy
- fall
- make
- mold
- muster
- pair
- parade
- picket
- put
- ring

* * *

formar

♦ vt

1. [hacer] to form;

formar una bola con algo to make sth into a ball;

formar un equipo to make up a team;

formar gobierno to form a government;

formó una asociación cultural he set up a cultural organization;

los manifestantes formaron una cadena the demonstrators formed a human chain;

formar parte de to form o be part of;

forma parte del equipo del colegio she's a member of the school team

2. [educar] to train, to educate

3. Mil to form up

♦ vi
Mil to fall in;
¡a formar! fall in!

♦ See also the pronominal verb formarse

* * *

formar

v/t

1 form; asociación form, set up

2 ( educar) educate

* * *

formar vt

1) : to form, to make

2) constituir: to constitute, to make up

3) : to train, to educate

♦ See also the reflexive verb formarse

* * *

formar vb

1. (crear) to form / to make

hemos formado un estupendo grupo de amigos we've made a great group of friends

2. (educar hijos) to bring up [pt. & pp. brought]

3. (educar alumnos) to educate / to train

formar parte de algo to be part of something

Spanish-English dictionary > formar
11 build\ up

1. I
abs

the tension (the pressure, etc.) is building up напряжение и т. д. растет /нарастает/, their pressure (upon us) is building up их давление (на нас) усиливается
2. III
build up smth.1)

build up a house (a wall, etc.) возводить дом и т. д., build a barrier воздвигать /создавать/ преграду: they built up the whole garden они застроили весь сад

2)

build up a door (a window, etc.) заделывать дверь и т. д., build up a broken wall закладывать /заделывать/ (кирпичом и т. п.) разрушенную или пробитую стену

3)

build up a modern army (a powerful navy, a model state, a business, a practice, a fund, an empire, etc.) создавать современную армию и т. д., he managed to build up quite a fortune ему удались сколотить солидное состояние; he is trying to build up a reputation он стирается создать себе хорошую репутацию; build up public opinion создавать общественное мнение (вокруг чего-л.), формировать общественное мнение (определенным образом)

4)

build up a sentence (по-)строить предложение; build lip a system of arguments (по)строить систему доказательств; build up one's character вырабатывать характер

5)

build up one's clientele (one's power, the military forces, etc.) увеличивать свою клиентуру и т. д.; build up war potential наращивать военный потенциал; build up the army morale поднимать боевой дух армии; build up a resentment подогревать недовольство; build up suspense нагнетать атмосферу напряженности

6)

build up one's health (one's constitution, one's wasted body, etc.) укреплять свое здоровье и т. д.build up, you will build up vitality while you sleep сон восстановит энергию), во время сна восстанавливаются силы
3. IV
build up smb. /smb. up/ to some extent don't build me up too much не надо так преувеличивать мои достоинства
4. XI
be built up at some time the place (this area, all that ground, etc.) is built up now это место и т. д. сейчас застроили /за build up строено/; be built up at some place something is getting built up here здесь что-то строят; be built up of smth. spoken words are built up of sounds слова в речи складываются из звуков; be built up.to smth. the army has been built up to its wartime strength численность армии доведена до размеров военного времени
5. XVI
1) build up into smth. these books will build up into a fine library эти книги составят хорошую библиотеку: these stamps built up a good collection из этих марок получилась неплохая коллекция

2) build up to smth. tension (pressure, stress, etc.) is building up to a climax /to the highest pitch/ напряжение и т. д. достигает высшей точки
6. XXI1
build up smth. around smth. build up a story around an insignificant incident a) построить рассказ на незначительном событии; б) раздуть целую историю вокруг незначительного события; build up smth. in smb.'s favour build up public opinion in smb.'s favour склонять общественное мнение на чью-л. сторону /в чью-л. пользу/; build up а геsistance to smth. вырабатывать сопротивляемость /иммунитет/ к чему-л.; build up smth. against smth. build up one's defences against a possible attack укреплять /усиливать/ оборону, чтобы обеспечить себя от /в случае/ возможного нападения

English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > build\ up

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

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they are building up their forces in the area

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Словари и энциклопедии на Академике

Перевод: со всех языков на все языки

they are building up their forces in the area

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